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Anatomy Semester 1 > SHOULDER AND ARM MUSCLES > Flashcards

SHOULDER AND ARM MUSCLES Flashcards

1
Q

list the 4 extrinsic shoulder muscles in the anterior compartment

A
  1. pectoralis major
  2. pectoralis minor
  3. serratus anterior
  4. subclavius
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2
Q

origin, insertion, action and innervation of pectoralis major

A
  • origin: clavicle, sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages
  • insertion: lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
  • action: flexion, adduction and medial rotation of humerus, draws scapula anteroinferiorly
  • innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves C5-T1
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3
Q

origin, insertion, action and innervation of pectoralis minor

A
  • origin: anterior ends of ribs 3-5
  • insertion: coracoid process of the scapula
  • action: stabilises scapula
  • innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
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4
Q

origin, insertion, action and innervation of serratus anterior

A
  • origin: ribs 1-8
  • insertion: medial border of scapula
  • action: protracts and holds scapula against the thoracic wall
  • innervation: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
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5
Q

origin, insertion, action and innervation of subclavius

A
  • origin: superior surface of costal end of 1st rib and adjacent 1st rib cartilage
  • insertion: inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
  • action: stabilises clavicle
  • innervation: nerve to subclavius muscle C5-C6
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6
Q

list the 5 shoulder extrinsic muscles in the posterior compartment

A
  1. latissimus dorsi
  2. trapezius
  3. levator scapula
  4. rhomboid major
  5. rhomboid minor
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7
Q

origin, insertion, action and innervation of latissimus dorsi

A
  • origin: spinous processes T7-T12, the iliac crest, ribs 8-12, and lumbodorsal fascia
  • insertion: floor of inter-tubercular groove of humerus
  • action: adducts, medially rotates and extends humerus, raises body towards arm in climbing
  • innervation: thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8
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8
Q

origin, insertion, action and innervation of trapezius

A
  • origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
  • insertion: clavicle and scapula — acromion and scapula spine
  • action: elevates, depresses and retracts the scapula, rotates glenoid cavity superiorly
  • innervation: accessory nerve CNX1
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9
Q

origin, insertion, and action of levator scapula

A
  • origin: transverse processes of 1st 4 cervical vertebrae (C1-C4)
  • superior angle of scapula, vertebral border of scapula
  • action: elevates scapula, and inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity
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10
Q

origin and insertion of rhomboid major

A
  • origin: spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

- insertion: vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine of scapula

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11
Q

origin and insertion of rhomboid minor

A
  • origin: spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1, nuchal ligament
  • insertion: vertebral border of scapula adjacent to spine of scapula
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12
Q

what are the actions of the rhomboid major and minor

A

retract scapula and inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity, fix scapula to thoracic wall

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13
Q

what is the innervation of levator scapula, rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

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14
Q

list the 6 shoulder intrinsic muscles

A
  1. deltoid
  2. teres major
  3. supraspinatus
  4. infraspinatus
  5. teres minor
  6. subscapularis
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15
Q

origin, insertion and action of deltoid

A
  • origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
  • insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
  • action: flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends and laterally rotates arm
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16
Q

origin, insertion and action of teres major

A
  • origin: posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula
  • insertion: medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
  • action: adducts and medially rotates arm (at glenohumeral shoulder joint)
17
Q

origin, insertion and action of teres minor

A
  • origin: lateral border of scapula
  • insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
  • action: medial rotation at shoulder
18
Q

origin, insertion and action of supraspinatus

A
  • origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
  • insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
  • action: abduction at shoulder
19
Q

origin, insertion and action of infraspinatus

A
  • origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
  • insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
  • action: abduction at shoulder
20
Q

origin, insertion and action of subscapularis

A
  • origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
  • insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
  • action: medial rotation at shoulder
21
Q

what muscles are innervated by the suprascapular nerve C5?

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

22
Q

what muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve C5-C6?

A

deltoid and teres minor

23
Q

what muscle is innervated by the lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)?

A

teres major

24
Q

what muscle is innervated by the (upper and lower) subscapular nerves C5-C7?

A

subscapularis

25
Q

list the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
26
Q

what do the rotator cuff muscles do? exception?

A

all muscles rotate humerus except supraspinatus, which initiates and assists deltoid with 1st 15 degrees of abduction of the arm

27
Q

list the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm

A
  1. biceps brachii — long head and short head
  2. coracobrachialis
  3. brachialis
28
Q

origin, insertion and action of long head and short head of biceps brachii

A
  • origin: LONG HEAD = supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, SHORT HEAD = coracoid process of scapula
  • insertion: tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis
  • action: flexion at elbow and shoulder, supination
29
Q

origin, insertion and action of coracobrachialis

A
  • origin: coracoid process of scapula
  • insertion: medial margin of shaft of humerus
  • action: adduction and flexion at shoulder
30
Q

origin, insertion and action of brachialis

A
  • origin: anterior aspect of distal half of humerus
  • insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
  • action: flexes forearm at elbow
31
Q

innervation of arm muscles in anterior compartment

A
  • biceps brachii — musculocutaneous nerve C5-C6
  • coracobrachialis — musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7
  • brachialis — musculocutaneous nerve C5-C6 and radial nerve C7-C8
32
Q

list the muscles of the arm in the posterior compartment

A

triceps brachii — long, lateral and medial head

33
Q

what are the origins of the different heads of the triceps brachii?

A
  1. long head = infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  2. lateral head = posterior shaft of humerus above spiral groove
  3. medial head = posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove (spiral groove)
34
Q

insertion, action and innervation of triceps brachii

A
  • insertion: olecranon of ulna
  • action: extension at elbow
  • innervation: radial nerve (C7-C8)
35
Q

movement at the shoulder requires action from what 3 groups of muscles?

A
  • anterior axioappendicular
  • posterior axioappendicular
  • scapulohumeral

Anatomy Semester 1 (15 decks)

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