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Anatomy Semester 1 > BONES OF THE UPPER LIMB > Flashcards

BONES OF THE UPPER LIMB Flashcards

1
Q

what forms the superior appendicular skeleton?

A

the pectoral girdle and bones of the free part of the upper limb

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2
Q

where does the superior appendicular skeleton articulate with the axial skeleton?

A

at the sternoclavicular joint — allows great mobility. saddle type synovial joint

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3
Q

what muscles support, stabilise and move the clavicles and scapulae?

A

the axio-appendicular muscles

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4
Q

describe the clavicle

A
  • an S-shaped bone
  • superior surface is relatively smooth in comparison to the much rougher inferior surface
  • posterior: RHS clavicle = z-shaped, LHS clavicle = s-shaped
  • RHS clavicle is usually much stronger and shorter than the LHS clavicle
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5
Q

why is the inferior surface of the clavicle rougher than the smoother superior surface?

A

muscles attach to the inferior surface

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6
Q

what articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle?

A

the acrimon of the scapula

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7
Q

what articulates with the medial end of the clavicle?

A

the sternum

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8
Q

purpose of the clavicles

A
  • transmits shock from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
  • provides protection to the important neurovascular bundle supplying the upper limb
  • provides rigid support
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9
Q

what is the scapula?

A

the shoulder blade

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10
Q

describe the scapula

A
  • a triangular flat bone
  • lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax
  • has 3 angles: lateral, superior, inferior
  • has 3 borders: superior, lateral, medial
  • has 2 surfaces: costal, posterior
  • has 3 processes: acromion, spine, coracoid
  • overlies 2nd-7th ribs
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11
Q

what is the name of the joint joining the glenoid cavity with the head of the humerus? describe the joint

A

the glenohumeral joint = synovial joint, ball and socket. permits flexion, extension, ab/adduction, circumduction, medial and lateral rotation. articulating surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

what attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle?

A

the long head of the triceps brachii muscle

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13
Q

what attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle?

A

the long head of the biceps brachii muscle

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14
Q

what does the spine of the scapula on the posterior border divide the scapula into?

A

subdivides the posterior surface into the small, superior supraspinous fossa and the much larger inferior infraspinous border

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15
Q

describe the humerus

A

a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow

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16
Q

where does the humerus articulate with the radius and ulna?

A

the elbow joint — a synovial hinge joint. permits flexion and extension

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17
Q

what are the articulating surfaces of the elbow joint and what are they covered with?

A

2 separate articulations: trochlear notch of the ulnar and the trochlea of the humerus. head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus.

hyaline covers the articular surfaces

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18
Q

what ligaments support the elbow joint?

A
  1. radial collateral ligament — stabilises lateral surface of the joint
  2. ulnar collateral ligament — stabilises medial surface of the joint

annular ligament of radius

19
Q

ulna vs radius (how to remember)

A

ulna —> pinky . ulna is thinner at the bottom

radius —> thumb

20
Q

what are the 2 necks of the humerus?

A

the anatomical neck (very short and lies between the greater and lesser tubercles laterally and between the head and shaft more medially) and the surgical neck (common fracture site)

21
Q

what separates the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus and provides a protected passage for the slender tendon of the long head of the biceps?

A

the intertubercular/bicipital groove

22
Q

what is the olecranon fossa of the humerus?

A

on the posterior surface of the distal humerus, provides space for the olecranon of the ulna during extension of the forearm

23
Q

describe the ulna

A

the stabilising bone of the forearm. the medial and ulna of the 2 forearm bones. doesn’t reach the wrist joint.

24
Q

for articulation with the humerus, the ulna has 2 prominent projections. what are they and what do they form?

A
  1. the olecranon = projects proximally from the posterior aspect and serves as a short level for extension of the elbow.
  2. the coronoid process = projects anteriorly from the anterior aspect

together they from the walls of the trochlear notch : “grips” the trochlea of the humerus

25
Q

on the ulna, what serves as an attachment for the tendon of the brachial is muscle?

A

the tuberosity of the ulna (located just inferior to the coronoid process)

26
Q

what is the radial notch?

A

on the lateral side of the coronoid process. receives the broad periphery of the head of the radius

27
Q

role of the supinator crest and fossa of the ulna

A

deep part of supinator muscle attaches here

28
Q

what do the ulna and radius both have at the distal end of them?

A

a styloid process

29
Q

describe the radius

A

= the lateral, shorter forearm bone

30
Q

why is the head of the radius concave?

A

concave for articulation with the capitulum of the humerus during flexion and extension of the elbow joint

31
Q

what is the ulnar notch?

A

a notch on the radius which accommodates the head of the ulna

32
Q

how many bones are there in the rest and what is the collective name for them?

A

carpal bones - 8 in proximal and distal rows of 4

33
Q

name the carpal bones

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

SOME LOVERS TRY POSITIONS THAT THEY CANT HANDLE

34
Q

what carpal bones articulate with the radius to from the radio-carpal joint?

A

scaphoid and lunate

35
Q

how are the metacarpal bones labelled?

A

1 (thumb), 2 (index), 3 (middle), 4 (ring), 5 (pinky)

36
Q

what does each metacarpal consist of?

A

a base, shaft, and a head

37
Q

what is the name of the joint joining the metacarpals and the phalanges?

A

metacarpophalangeal joint

38
Q

what are the sections of the phalanges?

A

proximal, middle, distal — except thumb = just proximal and distal

39
Q

what type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint and what are the articulating surfaces?

A

= pivot joint

radial head and radial notch of the ulna and the annular ligament

40
Q

what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint and what are its articulating surfaces?

A

= pivot joint

head of ulna and ulnar notch on distal end of radius

41
Q

what type of joint is the radiocarpal joint and what are its articulating surfaces?

A

= condyloid joint — flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
ULNA IS NOT PART OF THE WRIST JOINT

distally, proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform).
proximally, distal end of radius and the articular disk

42
Q

name 3 ligaments of the wrist joint

A
  1. radial collateral ligament ( runs from the radius to the scaphoid and trapezium)
  2. ulnar collateral ligament (runs from the ulna to the triquetrum and pisiform)
  3. palmar radiocarpal joint
43
Q

a complication which may arise following a fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus is what?

A

damage to the ulnar nerve

Anatomy Semester 1 (15 decks)

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