ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

endocrine glands

Answer 1

do not have ducts, secrete directly into the bloodstream

Question 2

exocrine glands

Answer 2

have ducts that secrete into specific locations

Question 3

describe the pituitary gland

Answer 3

• located in the brain within the sella tunica of sphenoid bone at the base of the skull
• pea-sized

Question 4

what does the pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 4

• GH
• ADH
• gonadotopins

Question 5

describe the thyroid gland and what does it produce?

Answer 5

• on neck either side of the larynx and trachea and are one cited by isthmus
• bi-lobed approx 25g each
• thyroxine: controls the rate of metabolism and rate that glucose is used up in respiration and promotes growth

Question 6

describe the pineal gland and what does it produce?

Answer 6

• in the brain attached to the short stalk
• small, flattened and cone shaped
• blood supply: superior cerebellar artery
• melatonin: affects reproductive development and daily physiological processes

Question 7

described the parathyroid hormone and what does it produce?

Answer 7

• in posterior aspect of the thyroid gland
• small, superior/inferior laterally paired glands
• blood supply: inferior/superior thyroid artery
• parathormone: controls metabolism of Ca which needed for growth, bones, teeth, blood clotting, nerve function, and muscle contraction

Question 8

testis - interstitial cells

Answer 8

• in external male genitalia
• oval structures in the scrotum
• bloody supply: testicular artery
• produce testosterone: controls sperm production and secondary sexual characteristics

Question 9

describe the suprarenal cortex and medulla and what do they produce?

Answer 9

• on top of each kidney embedded in perineal fat
• flattened, triangular glands
• there is a thick connective tissue capsule which extend into the parenchyma
• blood supply: superior/middle inferior adrenal arteries
• adrenaline: fight or flight, increase HR, breathing and blood sugar level (more glucose for resp), diverts blood from gut to limbs

Question 10

describe the thymus and what does it produce?

Answer 10

• in centre of the chest, near the hilium
• cortex, medulla, vas culature
• blood supply: inferior mammary artery, superior/inferior thyroid artery
• thymosin: promotes production and maturation of WBCs

Question 11

ovary - theca interna cells and corpus luteum

Answer 11

• in female genitalia either side of the uterus next to the lateral pelvic wall
• 2 organs
• blood supply: ovarian and uterine artery
• oestrogen: controls ovulation and secondary sexual characteristics
• progesterone: prepares uterus lining for receiving an embryo

Question 12

pancreas — islets of langherans

Answer 12

• cells found inside the pancreas
• cells have a periphery/central position
• blood supply: arteriolar of the periphery of the islets
• insulin: converts excess glucose t glycogen in the liver
• glucagon: converts glycogen to glucose in the liver

Question 13

in the pancreas, what is the name of the clusters of secretory exocrine cells?

Answer 13

acini