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Anatomy > Shoulder and Arm > Flashcards

Shoulder and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the correct anatomical position for the palms and thumb?

A

Palm is anterior
Thumb is the most lateral digit

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2
Q

What is the only bone connecting the upper limb with the rest of the skeleton?

A

The clavicle

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3
Q

What composes the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)?

A

Scapula + clavicle

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4
Q

What is an anterior dislocation?

A

Rupture of the anterior sternoclavicular ligament

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5
Q

What is a posterior dislocation?

A

Rupture of the posterior sternoclavicular ligament
*More serious
*Medial end of the clavicle may compress arteries

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6
Q

During a clavicle fracture what happens to the medial and lateral fragment?

A

Medial: lifted by the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Lateral: sags with upper limb

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7
Q

What is the range of motion at the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  1. rotate around its own longitudinal axis
  2. Clavicle can be raised up to 60 degrees
  3. Can move 30 degrees anteriorly or posteriorly during protraction and retraction of the scapula
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8
Q

What is the Acromioclavicular joint between?

A

The acromion and clavicle

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9
Q

What does the Acromioclavicular joint do

A

Supports entire weight of scapula and upper limb

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10
Q

What is a grade I or II Acromioclavicular joint dislocation

A

Only joint capsule affected (AC joint)

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11
Q

What is a grade II Acromioclavicular joint dislocation?

A

Coracoclavicular ligament is torn
*The shoulder falls away from the clavicle

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12
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball-and-socket, synovial joint

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13
Q

What is a common fracture site of the humerus?

A

The surgical neck

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14
Q

What is the coracoclavicular ligament between?

A

Clavicle and coracoid process of the scapula

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15
Q

What does the coracoacromial arch do?

A

Resist superior movements of the humerus
*connects scapula to scapula
*acromion to Coracoid process

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16
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Subscapularis muscle?

A

O: Subscapular Fossa of scapula
I: Lesser tubercle of Humerus
A: Medially rotates and adducts the Humerus

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Infraspinatus muscle?

A

O: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Laterally rotates the humerus

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the teres minor muscle?

A

O: Lateral border of the scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: Laterally rotates the humerus

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20
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Supraspinatus muscle?

A

O: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Initiates abduction of humerus; stabilizes abducted arm

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21
Q

What is the Supraspinatus muscle deep to?

A

The trapezius and deltoid muscle

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22
Q

What is the infraspinatus, teres minor muscle deep to?

A

Infraspinous fascia

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23
Q

What do all four rotator cuff muscles do?

A

Stabilizing the glenohumeral joint
*Pulls the humeral head close to the glenoid fossa

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24
Q

What is the nerve and blood supply to the Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve and artery

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25
Q

What goes over the superior transverse scapular ligament

A

Suprascapular Artery (Army over the bridge)

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26
Q

What goes under the superior transverse scapular ligament?

A

Suprascapular Nerve (Navy under the bridge)

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27
Q

What is the nerve supply of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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28
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the deltoid muscle?

A

O: Lateral spine of the scapula, acromion, lateral clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A: Abduction to shoulder height

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29
Q

What is the action of the clavicular part of the deltoid?

A

Flexes, medially rotates humerus

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30
Q

What is the action of the middle (acromion) part of the deltoid?

A

Abducts the humerus from 15 degrees to should height

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31
Q

What is the action of the spinal (posterior) part of the deltoid?

A

Extends, laterally rotates humerus

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32
Q

What is the groove between the pectoralis major and the deltoid?

A

Deltopectoral groove

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33
Q

What is the function of bursae?

A

Reduces friction between adjacent mobile structure (found deep to tendons)

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34
Q

What is the blood supply to the serratus anterior muscle?

A

Lateral thoracic Artery

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35
Q

What happens if the long thoracic nerve is damaged

A

Winged scapula

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36
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, and action of the teres major muscle?

A

O: inferior angle of the scapula
I: Anterior side of humerus
A: abducts and medially rotates arm

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37
Q

What is the nerve supply of the teres major muscle?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

38
Q

What are the borders of the triangular space?

A

Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of the tricep

39
Q

What is in the triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

40
Q

What are the border of the quadrangular space?

A

Teres minor (Top)
Surgical neck of humerus (right side)
Teres major (bottom)
Long head of tricep (Left side)

41
Q

What is in the quadrangular space

A

Axillary nerve
Posterior Circumflex humeral artery

42
Q

What is the nerve supply of the deltoid and teres minor/

A

Axillary nerve

43
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, and actions of the pectoralis major?

A

O: Clavicle, sternum, ribs
I: Intertubercular sulcus
A: Flexes extended arm (Clavicular head)
A: Extend flexed arm (clavicular and sternocostal head)

44
Q

What is the apex of the Axilla?

A

Lateral border of the first rib

45
Q

What is the base of the axilla?

A

Skin and Axillary fascia

46
Q

What is the medial boundary of the axilla?

A

Ribs and intercostal muscles, serratus anterior

47
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the axilla?

A

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

48
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the axilla?

A

Subclavius
Pectoralis major and minor

49
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the axilla?

A

Scapula
Subscapularis
Teres major
Latissimus Dorsi

50
Q

What does the anterior axillary fold contain?

A

Pectoralis major

51
Q

What does the posterior axillary fold contain?

A

Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major

52
Q

What does the axillary sheath contain?

A

Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Brachial plexus

53
Q

When is the subclavian artery renamed?

A

Renamed the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib

54
Q

When is the axillary artery renamed the brachial artery?

A

At the inferior border of the teres major

55
Q

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Pectoralis minor muscle?

A

O: ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid process
A: stabilizes the scapular by depressing and protracting it

56
Q

What is segment 1 of the axillary artery?

A

Medial to pectoralis minor muscle
*Superior thoracic artery

57
Q

What is segment 2 of the axillary artery?

A

Deep to or near borders of pectoralis minor muscle
*Thoracoacromial artery
*Lateral thoracic artery

58
Q

What is segment 3 of the axillary artery

A

Lateral to pectoralis minor muscle
*Posterior circumflex humeral artery
*subscapular artery
*Anterior circumflex humeral artery

59
Q

What are the branches of the subscapular artery?

A

Circumflex scapular artery
Thoracodorsal artery

60
Q

Which vein runs in the deltopectoral groove

A

Cephalic vein

61
Q

What is the brachial plexus formed form?

A

Anterior Rami of c5-T1 spinal nerves

62
Q

What is the function of the Anterior Division of the brachial plexus?

A

Carry axons that will pass to anterior (flexor) muscle compartments of arm and forearm

63
Q

What is the function of the posterior division of the brachial plexus?

A

Carry axons that will pass to posterior (extensor) muscle compartments of arm and forearm

64
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Pectoralis major muscle?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve
Medial pectoral nerve

65
Q

What is the nerve supply of the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

medial pectoral nerve

66
Q

What does the humeroulnar articulation aid with?

A

Forearm flexion and extension

67
Q

What does the proximal radioulnar articulation aid with?

A

supination and pronation

68
Q

What does the humeroradial articulation aid with?

A

Forearm flexing and extension
Supination and pronation

69
Q

How does a child posture themselves within nurse maids elbow?

A

The forearm will be pronated and flexed

70
Q

What is the source of pain for a nurse maids elbow?

A

Angular ligament
*compressed between the radial head and the capitulum

71
Q

Where is a subcutaneous olecranon bursa located?

A

Between bone and skin

72
Q

What are the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis

73
Q

What are the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps brachii
Anconeus

74
Q

What is the nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

75
Q

What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

brachial artery

76
Q

What is the nerve supply of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Radial nerve

77
Q

What is the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Deep artery of the arm

78
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

Long head O: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Short head O: Coracoid process of the scapula
I: Radial tuberosity

79
Q

What are the action of the biceps brachii?

A

Supination of the forearm
Flexion of supinate forearm

80
Q

How does the Popeye Deformity happen?

A

Bicep Tendon detached from supraglenoid tubercle and bicipital groove

81
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the coracobrachialis?

A

O: Coracoid process
I: Medial side of Humerus
A: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the arm

82
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the brachialis?

A

O: anterior side of the humerus
I: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
A: Flexes the forearm

83
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the triceps brachii?

A

Long head: infra glenoid tubercle
Lateral head: Shaft of humerus superior to radial groove
Medial head: Shaft of humerus inferior to radial groove
I: Olecranon
A: extends the forearm

84
Q

What does the deep tendon reflex test? (Triceps)

A

C7 spinal cord

85
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the anconeus muscle?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: olecranon
A: extends the forearm

86
Q

What is the nerve supply of the subscapularis muscle

A

Upper subscapular nerve
Lower subscapular nerve

87
Q

What is the nerve supply of the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

88
Q

Where do the axillary nerve & posterior circumflex humeral artery pass?

A

Exit through the space proximal to the teres major and Latissimus Dorsi

89
Q

Where do the radial nerve & deep artery of the arm pass?

A

Distal to the teres major and Latissimus Dorsi

90
Q

What can be felt through the medial inter muscular septum?

A

Brachial Artery

Anatomy (19 decks)

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