Pelvis Flashcards
What is the anterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity?
Oburator internus muscle
What is the posterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity?
Piriformis muscle
What does the urogenital diaphragm support?
Supports the urinary bladder and internal genital organs
What does the pelvic diaphragm support?
Gastrointestinal tract, mainly the rectum
*controls defecation
What is the lateral attachment of the coccygeus muscle?
Ishcial spine
What is the medial attachment of the coccygeus muscle?
Coccyx
What is the superior attachment of the iliococcygeus?
The tendinous arch
What does the puborectalis muscle permit?
Defecation
- forms an anorectal flexure with the rectum and anal canal
What remnant does the round ligament of the uterus contain?
Remnant of the Gubernaculum
What does the suspension ligament of the ovary contain?
Ovarian vessels
Where does fertilization occur?
In the Ampulla of the uterine tube
What are the three parts of the broad ligament of the uterus?
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium
What does water under the bridge mean?
The ureter passes inferior to the uterine Artery
What does the spermatic cord contain?
Ductus deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform Plexus of veins
Epididymis
Testis
What is semen composed of?
Secretions from Ductus Deferens
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate gland
How does left renal vein entrapment syndrome happen?
The left renal vein becomes compressed
*between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery
What do abdominal wall hernias contain?
Extraperitoneal fat
Greater omentum
Intestine
Where is a indirect inguinal hernia located?
Through the deep inguinal ring and into the spermatic cord
Where is a direct inguinal hernia located?
In the triangle of hesselbach
What composes the triangle of hesselbach?
Inferior epicanthic artery
Rectus abdominis muscle
Inguinal ligament
Where does the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery exit the pelvic cavity?
Exit inferior to the piriformis muscle through the greater sciatic foramen
Is the internal anal sphincter involuntary of voluntary?
Involuntary
Is the external anal sphincter involuntary or voluntary?
Voluntary
What does the pectinate line separate?
Soma from viscera
Describe the lesions below the pectinate line
Painful
Describe the lesions above the pectinate line?
Silent
*unless they distend the gastrointestinal wall
What does the bulbospongiosus muscle cover?
The bulb of the penis
*helps expel contents of the spongy urethra
What does the ischiocavernosus muscle cover?
Covers the crus of the penis
*Helps maintain erection
What are the three parts of the male urethra?
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra
What does the internal urethral sphincter do?
Prevents semen from entering the urinary bladder
What does the deep artery of the penis do?
It is a source of blood that engorges the corpus cavernous to from an erection
What is peyronie’s Disease?
Idiopathic formation of fibrous plaques within the tunica albuginea
What does the greater vestibular gland do?
Secrete mucus to lubricate vaginal canal
Activation of the sympathetic division does what to the gastrointestinal system?
- Vasoconstriction of blood vessel supplying the gut
- Promotes peristalsis and digestion
Activation of the parasympathetic division does what to the gastrointestinal system?
- Vasodilation blood vessels supplying to gut
- Promotes peristalsis and digestion
What are the pregnglionic neuronal cell bodies of the sympathetic division?
T1-L2 Spinal cord
What are the pregnglionic neuronal cell bodies of the parasympathetic division?
S2-S4
Brain stem
What are the preganglionic axons to the foregut and midgut from the brain stem? (Parasympathetic division)
vagus nerve (X)
What are the preganglionic axons to the hindgut from the s2-s4 spinal cord? (Parasympathetic division)
Pelvic splanchcic nerve
What is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the gastrointestinal system?
Acetylcholine
Where are the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies of the parasympathetic division located?
In the gut wall
What is Hirschsprung disease?
Failure of migration of neural crest cells
*Will be a lack of peristalsis and functional obstruction
What are the two sets of ganglia for the postganglionic sympathetic neurons? (Cell bodies)
- Sympathetic chain ganglia (skin, sweat, ar rector pill muscles)
- Pre-aortic sympathetic ganglia (Abdominal organs)
Where are the preganglionic sympathetic axons distributed to?
Pre-aortic ganglia via splanchnic nerves
Describe the sympathetic pathway innervation starting with T5-T9
Spinal cord level of preganglionic cell bodies: T5-T9
Splanchnic nerve carrying preganglionic axons: Greater
ganglion containing postganglionic neuronal cell bodies: Celiac
Artery carrying postganglionic axons: Celiac
Target: Foregut
Describe the sympathetic pathway innervation starting with T10-T11
Spinal cord level of preganglionic cell bodies: T10-T11
Splanchnic nerve carrying preganglionic axons: Lesser
ganglion containing postganglionic neuronal cell bodies: Superior Mesenteric
Artery carrying postganglionic axons: Superior Mesenteric
Target: Midgut
Describe the sympathetic pathway innervation starting with T12
Spinal cord level of preganglionic cell bodies: T12
Splanchnic nerve carrying preganglionic axons: Least
ganglion containing postganglionic neuronal cell bodies: Aorticorenal
Artery carrying postganglionic axons: Renal
Target: Kidney
Describe the sympathetic pathway innervation starting with L1-L2
Spinal cord level of preganglionic cell bodies: L1-L2
Splanchnic nerve carrying preganglionic axons: Lumbar
ganglion containing postganglionic neuronal cell bodies: Inferior mesenteric
Artery carrying postganglionic axons: Inferior mesenteric
Target: hindgut
Describe secondary visceral pain
Inflammation from diseased organs spreads to the immediately adjacent parietal peritoneum
*innervated by somatic nerves
What are the abdominal regions of visceral pain afferents
Target———-Region
Foregut=Epigastric
Midgut=Umbilical
Kidney=Costovertebral angle
Hindgut=Hypogastric/ pubic
What does a positive Murphy sign indicate?
Gallbladder disease
*Tenderness at the intersection between costal margin and lines semilunaris
What does a positive Kehr’s sign indicate?
Splenic rupture
*Dermatomes C3-C5 (left shoulder)
Where can gallbladder pain be referred to?
The right shoulder
*Due to the contact with parietal peritoneum on the diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve C3-C5)
What is McBurney’s point?
One-third distance form the ASIS to umbilicus
*Where the appendix is located
*possible appendicitis
Where can a kidney stone get stuck?
- Passing from renal pelvis to ureter (T11-T12 dermatomes)
- As the ureter passes over the pelvic brim (Lumbar region)
- As the ureter enters the urinary bladder (inguinal and hypogastric regions)
What happens to the urinary system during parasympathetic activation?
Erection (Parasympathetic=Points)
What happens to the urinary system when sympathetic division gets activated?
Emission (Sympathetic=Shoots)
What are the four components of the Inferior hypogastric plexus?
- Hypogastric nerve
- pelvic splanchnic nerve
- Sacral splanchnic nerve
- Visceral afferents traveling with all of these nerves
What nerves produces an erection?
Cavernous Nerves
