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Anatomy > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

Oburator internus muscle

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2
Q

What is the posterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

Piriformis muscle

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3
Q

What does the urogenital diaphragm support?

A

Supports the urinary bladder and internal genital organs

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4
Q

What does the pelvic diaphragm support?

A

Gastrointestinal tract, mainly the rectum
*controls defecation

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5
Q

What is the lateral attachment of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Ishcial spine

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6
Q

What is the medial attachment of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Coccyx

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7
Q

What is the superior attachment of the iliococcygeus?

A

The tendinous arch

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8
Q

What does the puborectalis muscle permit?

A

Defecation

  • forms an anorectal flexure with the rectum and anal canal
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9
Q

What remnant does the round ligament of the uterus contain?

A

Remnant of the Gubernaculum

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10
Q

What does the suspension ligament of the ovary contain?

A

Ovarian vessels

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11
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

In the Ampulla of the uterine tube

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12
Q

What are the three parts of the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium

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13
Q

What does water under the bridge mean?

A

The ureter passes inferior to the uterine Artery

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14
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain?

A

Ductus deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform Plexus of veins
Epididymis
Testis

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15
Q

What is semen composed of?

A

Secretions from Ductus Deferens
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate gland

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16
Q

How does left renal vein entrapment syndrome happen?

A

The left renal vein becomes compressed
*between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery

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17
Q

What do abdominal wall hernias contain?

A

Extraperitoneal fat
Greater omentum
Intestine

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18
Q

Where is a indirect inguinal hernia located?

A

Through the deep inguinal ring and into the spermatic cord

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19
Q

Where is a direct inguinal hernia located?

A

In the triangle of hesselbach

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20
Q

What composes the triangle of hesselbach?

A

Inferior epicanthic artery
Rectus abdominis muscle
Inguinal ligament

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21
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery exit the pelvic cavity?

A

Exit inferior to the piriformis muscle through the greater sciatic foramen

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22
Q

Is the internal anal sphincter involuntary of voluntary?

A

Involuntary

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23
Q

Is the external anal sphincter involuntary or voluntary?

A

Voluntary

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24
Q

What does the pectinate line separate?

A

Soma from viscera

25
Q

Describe the lesions below the pectinate line

A

Painful

26
Q

Describe the lesions above the pectinate line?

A

Silent
*unless they distend the gastrointestinal wall

27
Q

What does the bulbospongiosus muscle cover?

A

The bulb of the penis
*helps expel contents of the spongy urethra

28
Q

What does the ischiocavernosus muscle cover?

A

Covers the crus of the penis
*Helps maintain erection

29
Q

What are the three parts of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra

30
Q

What does the internal urethral sphincter do?

A

Prevents semen from entering the urinary bladder

31
Q

What does the deep artery of the penis do?

A

It is a source of blood that engorges the corpus cavernous to from an erection

32
Q

What is peyronie’s Disease?

A

Idiopathic formation of fibrous plaques within the tunica albuginea

33
Q

What does the greater vestibular gland do?

A

Secrete mucus to lubricate vaginal canal

34
Q

Activation of the sympathetic division does what to the gastrointestinal system?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction of blood vessel supplying the gut
  2. Promotes peristalsis and digestion
35
Q

Activation of the parasympathetic division does what to the gastrointestinal system?

A
  1. Vasodilation blood vessels supplying to gut
  2. Promotes peristalsis and digestion
36
Q

What are the pregnglionic neuronal cell bodies of the sympathetic division?

A

T1-L2 Spinal cord

37
Q

What are the pregnglionic neuronal cell bodies of the parasympathetic division?

A

S2-S4
Brain stem

38
Q

What are the preganglionic axons to the foregut and midgut from the brain stem? (Parasympathetic division)

A

vagus nerve (X)

39
Q

What are the preganglionic axons to the hindgut from the s2-s4 spinal cord? (Parasympathetic division)

A

Pelvic splanchcic nerve

40
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the gastrointestinal system?

A

Acetylcholine

41
Q

Where are the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies of the parasympathetic division located?

A

In the gut wall

42
Q

What is Hirschsprung disease?

A

Failure of migration of neural crest cells
*Will be a lack of peristalsis and functional obstruction

43
Q

What are the two sets of ganglia for the postganglionic sympathetic neurons? (Cell bodies)

A
  1. Sympathetic chain ganglia (skin, sweat, ar rector pill muscles)
  2. Pre-aortic sympathetic ganglia (Abdominal organs)
44
Q

Where are the preganglionic sympathetic axons distributed to?

A

Pre-aortic ganglia via splanchnic nerves

45
Q

Describe the sympathetic pathway innervation starting with T5-T9

A

Spinal cord level of preganglionic cell bodies: T5-T9
Splanchnic nerve carrying preganglionic axons: Greater
ganglion containing postganglionic neuronal cell bodies: Celiac
Artery carrying postganglionic axons: Celiac
Target: Foregut

46
Q

Describe the sympathetic pathway innervation starting with T10-T11

A

Spinal cord level of preganglionic cell bodies: T10-T11
Splanchnic nerve carrying preganglionic axons: Lesser
ganglion containing postganglionic neuronal cell bodies: Superior Mesenteric
Artery carrying postganglionic axons: Superior Mesenteric
Target: Midgut

47
Q

Describe the sympathetic pathway innervation starting with T12

A

Spinal cord level of preganglionic cell bodies: T12
Splanchnic nerve carrying preganglionic axons: Least
ganglion containing postganglionic neuronal cell bodies: Aorticorenal
Artery carrying postganglionic axons: Renal
Target: Kidney

48
Q

Describe the sympathetic pathway innervation starting with L1-L2

A

Spinal cord level of preganglionic cell bodies: L1-L2
Splanchnic nerve carrying preganglionic axons: Lumbar
ganglion containing postganglionic neuronal cell bodies: Inferior mesenteric
Artery carrying postganglionic axons: Inferior mesenteric
Target: hindgut

49
Q

Describe secondary visceral pain

A

Inflammation from diseased organs spreads to the immediately adjacent parietal peritoneum
*innervated by somatic nerves

50
Q

What are the abdominal regions of visceral pain afferents

A

Target———-Region
Foregut=Epigastric
Midgut=Umbilical
Kidney=Costovertebral angle
Hindgut=Hypogastric/ pubic

51
Q

What does a positive Murphy sign indicate?

A

Gallbladder disease
*Tenderness at the intersection between costal margin and lines semilunaris

52
Q

What does a positive Kehr’s sign indicate?

A

Splenic rupture
*Dermatomes C3-C5 (left shoulder)

53
Q

Where can gallbladder pain be referred to?

A

The right shoulder
*Due to the contact with parietal peritoneum on the diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve C3-C5)

54
Q

What is McBurney’s point?

A

One-third distance form the ASIS to umbilicus
*Where the appendix is located
*possible appendicitis

55
Q

Where can a kidney stone get stuck?

A
  1. Passing from renal pelvis to ureter (T11-T12 dermatomes)
  2. As the ureter passes over the pelvic brim (Lumbar region)
  3. As the ureter enters the urinary bladder (inguinal and hypogastric regions)
56
Q

What happens to the urinary system during parasympathetic activation?

A

Erection (Parasympathetic=Points)

57
Q

What happens to the urinary system when sympathetic division gets activated?

A

Emission (Sympathetic=Shoots)

58
Q

What are the four components of the Inferior hypogastric plexus?

A
  1. Hypogastric nerve
  2. pelvic splanchnic nerve
  3. Sacral splanchnic nerve
  4. Visceral afferents traveling with all of these nerves
59
Q

What nerves produces an erection?

A

Cavernous Nerves

Anatomy (19 decks)

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