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Anatomy > Leg And Foot > Flashcards

Leg And Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the patella?

A

Increases mechanical advantage for quadriceps femoris during knee extension

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2
Q

What is the function of the LCL and MCL?

A

MCL: resist abduction
LCL: resists adduction

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3
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

They absorb shock, redistribute force

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4
Q

Does the LCL and lateral meniscus attach?

A

NO

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5
Q

Does the MCL and Medial meniscus attach?

A

YES

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6
Q

What is a popliteal synovial cyst?

A

Herniation of synovial membrane through knee joint
*Found between semimembranosus tendon and medial head of gastrocnemius

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7
Q

What are the cruciate ligaments within?

A

Within: joint capsule
Outside: synovial cavity

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8
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

Resist anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

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9
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

Resist posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

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10
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

Rupture of
1. Medial collateral ligament
2. Medial Meniscus
3. Anterior Cruciate ligament

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11
Q

How to test for a torn ACL?

A

Anterior Drawer sign

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12
Q

Where is the suprapetellar bursa found/

A

Above the patella, between the quad and femur
*continous with knee joint cavity

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13
Q

What is the sural nerve formed from?

A

Branches of the Tibial and Common Fibular Nerves

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14
Q

What creates the dorsal venous arch?

A

Anastomosis of great and small saphenous veins

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15
Q

What is the term for big toe?

A

Hallux

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16
Q

What is the nerve supply of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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17
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus muscle
Fibularis brevis muscle

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis longus?

A

O: Head of the Fibula
I: Medial cuneiform bone and base of 1st metatarsal

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis brevis?

A

O: fibula
I: tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

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20
Q

What is the action of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

A: plantarflexion and eversion

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21
Q

What is the function of the superior and inferior fibular retinacula?

A

Hold tendons down where they pass over a joint to prevent buckling

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22
Q

What does the common fibular nerve spilt into?

A

The superficial and deep fibular nerve

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23
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

The Deep Fibular nerve

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24
Q

What muscles form the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Hallucis longus
Extensor Digitorum longus

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25
Q

What is the origin of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

O: upper lateral leg

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26
Q

What is the Insertion, and action of the tibialis anterior

A

I: medial cuneiform bone and base of 1st metatarsal
A: Dorsiflexion and inversion

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27
Q

What is the insertion and action of the extensor digitorum longus muscle

A

I: Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
A: Extension of digits 2-5

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28
Q

What is the insertion and action of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

I: Dorsal surface of distal phalanx of hallux
A: extension of big toe

29
Q

What causes Bumper Neuropathy?

A

Trauma to common fibular nerve
*Weakness all dorsiflexors of posterior compartment
*Foot will plantarflex

30
Q

What makes up the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor hallucis longus tendon

31
Q

What is the Origin of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Tarsal bones

32
Q

What is the insertion, and action of the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

I: Extensor expansion
A: Extension of digits 2-5

33
Q

What is the insertion, and action of the extensor hallucis brevis?

A

I: proximal phalanx of hallux
A: extension of big toe

34
Q

What is the nerve supply of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superficial fibular nerve
*expect lateral part of big toe and medial part of 2nd toe

35
Q

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

36
Q

What is the nerve supply of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

37
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gastrocnemius?

A

O medial: Medial epicondyle of femur
O lateral: Lateral epicondyle of femur
I: calcaneus
A: Plantarflexion

38
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the soleus?

A

O: Head of fibula
I: Calcaneus
A: plantarflexion

39
Q

What creates the triceps Surae?

A

Soleus and gastrocnemius

40
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the plantaris?

A

O: femur
I: calcaneus
A: plantarflexion

41
Q

What is the tibial nerve between?

A

The deep and superficial group of the leg

42
Q

What does the calcaneal reflex test?

A

S1

43
Q

What muscles comprise the deep compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Flexor digitorum longus
  2. Flexor Hallucis longus
    3.Tibialis posterior
44
Q

What is the origin of the deep compartment of the leg?

A

Posterior leg

45
Q

What is the Insertion, and action of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?

A

I: plantar surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Flexion of toes 2-5

46
Q

What is the insertion, and action of flexor hallucis longus muscle?

A

I: Plantar surface of distal phalanx of digit 1
A: flexion of big toe

47
Q

What is the insertion, and action of the tibialis posterior muscle?

A

I: Plantar surfaces of navicular and cuneiform bones
A: plantarflexion and inversion

48
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Plantaris
  4. Tibialis posterior
  5. flexor hallucis longus
  6. Flexor digitorum longus
49
Q

When does the femoral artery and vein change their names?

A

When they pass through adductor hiatus
*change to popliteal artery and vein

50
Q

Where does the anterior and posterior tibial arteries come from?

A

The popliteal artery

51
Q

What binds the fibula and tibia together?

A

Interosseous membrane

52
Q

When does the anterior tibial artery change its name?

A

When it passes over the ankle joint
*Change to Dorsalis Pedis Artery

53
Q

Where can the posterior tibial artery pulse been found?

A

Behind the medial malleolus

54
Q

What does the sural nerve supply?

A

Skin of lateral leg

55
Q

What does the saphenous nerve supply?

A

Skin of the medial leg

56
Q

What is the saphenous nerve a continuation of?

A

Femoral nerve

57
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein pass?

A

Anterior to medial malleolus

58
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein pass?

A

Posterior to lateral malleolus

59
Q

What are the actions of the talocrual joint?

A

Dorsi flexion and plantarflexion

60
Q

What are the actions of the subtalar joint?

A

Inversion and eversion

61
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery give rise to?

A

Fibular artery

62
Q

Of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus which muscle is medial and which is lateral (on the muscle belly)

A

Lateral: Flexor hallucis longus
Medial: Flexor digitorum longus

63
Q

What creates the ankle “mortise”

A

Medial malleolus
Trochlear of the talus bone

64
Q

What are the 4 parts of the medial collateral ligament of the ankle?

A

Posterior tibiotalar
Tibiocalcaneal
Tibionavicular
Anterior tibiotalar

65
Q

How can the medial collateral ligament of the ankle be torn?

A

By forced eversion

66
Q

What are the 3 parts of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?

A

Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament

67
Q

How can the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle be torn?

A

By forced inversion

68
Q

What nerve does the great saphenous vein run with?

A

Saphenous nerve (anterior side)

69
Q

What nerve does the small saphenous vein run with?

A

Sural nerve (posterior side)

Anatomy (19 decks)

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