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Anatomy > Gluteal Region And Thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal Region And Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?

A

prevents the pelvis from tilting posteriorly when standing upright

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2
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?

A

Limits abduction and lateral rotation

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3
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament prevent?

A

Limits medial rotation

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4
Q

What is the nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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5
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sartorius muscle
Quadriceps femoris
Iliopsoas

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6
Q

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the sartorius muscle?

A

O: ASIS
I: medial side of proximal tibia
A @ hip: flexion, abduction, lateral rotation
A @ knee joint: Flexion

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7
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
Vastus medial is

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8
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the quadriceps femoris?

A

O: rectus femoris = AIIS, vastus muscles=femur
I: Tibial tuberosity
A @ hip: flexion
A @ knee: extension

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9
Q

What do the structures of the anterior thigh compartment pass under?

A

The inguinal ligament

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10
Q

What creates the Iliopsoas muscle?

A

Iliacus+Psoas major muscle

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11
Q

What is the origin, action, and insertion of the iliopsoas muscle?

A

O: lumbar vertebrae+Iliac Fossa
I: Lesser trochanter
A: thigh flexion

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12
Q

What is the nerve supply of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve
*exeception pectineus muscle (Femoral nerve)

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13
Q

What muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pectineus and adductor muscle?

A

O: pubic bone
I: medial femur
A: Thigh adduction

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gracilis muscle?

A

O: pubic bone
I: medial tibia
A @ hip: Thigh adduction and flexion
A @ knee: Leg flexion

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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament
medial border of sartorius
Medial border of adductor longus

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17
Q

What makes the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Adductor longus

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18
Q

What nerves and arteries are within the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
*Only covered by skin, superficial fascia, and fascia lata

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19
Q

What does the femoral sheath contain?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
lymphatics

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20
Q

Where does the femoral nerve originate from?

A

Anterior rami of L2-L4 spinal nerves

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21
Q

How does the femoral nerve enter the thigh?

A

Passes deep from Psoas major, runs lateral to it, then enters thigh by passing deep to the inguinal ligament

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22
Q

What does the deep tendon reflex test?

A

Spinal cord level (L4)

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23
Q

What is the dermatome of the patella?

A

L4

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24
Q

When does the external iliac artery and vein get re-named?

A

Re-named once they pass deep to the inguinal ligament
*Now the Femoral artery and vein

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25
Q

Where does the lateral circumflex femoral artery pass between?

A

The rectus femoris and Vastus muscles

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26
Q

Where does the medial circumflex femoral artery passes between?

A

Passes posteriorly, between Iliopsoas and pectineus muscle

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27
Q

What does the adductor canal contain?

A

Femoral artery, vein, and nerve

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28
Q

What does the adductor hiatus contain?

A

Femoral artery and vein

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29
Q

When are the femoral artery and vein renamed?

A

Once they exit the adductor canal via the adductor hiatus
*Re-named popliteal artery and politeal vein

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30
Q

Where does the obturator nerve originate from?

A

Anterior rami of L2-L4 spinal nerves

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31
Q

Where does the obturator nerve run through?

A

Medial to Psoas major, across pelvic cavity, passes through obturator foramen

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32
Q

When will the obturator nerve spilts into its anterior and posterior branches?

A

When it passes deep to the pectineus muscle

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33
Q

What does the anterior branch of the obturator nerve pass behind and in front of?

A

Behind: Pectineus
Front: Adductor brevis, adductor magnus

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34
Q

What does the posterior branch of the obturator nerve pass behind and in front of?

A

Behind: Pectineus, adductor brevis
Front: adductor magnus

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35
Q

What can be used for a CABG?

A

Great saphenous vein

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36
Q

What contributes to L2 and L3 dermatomes?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
-supplies skin on lateral side of thigh

37
Q

How was the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh formed?

A

From L2 and L3 anterior rami

38
Q

What is meralgia paresthetica?

A

Pain, tingling, burning on the lateral thigh
*Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

39
Q

What Innervated the skin superficial to the femoral triangle, anterior scrotum/Labia Majora

A

Genitofemoral nerve
*on anterior side of the Psoas major

40
Q

What is the motor supply of the cremaster muscle?

A

genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

41
Q

What is the cremasteric reflex?

A
  1. reflex of the L1 spinal cord causes contraction of the cremaster muscle
  2. Causes retraction off the spermatic cord and elevation of the testes
42
Q

What is the afferents (sensory) part of the cremasteric reflex?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

43
Q

What is the nerve supply of the gluteal region?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal nerve

44
Q

How is the tibia positioned?

A

Anteromedial

45
Q

How is the fibula positioned?

A

Posterolateral

46
Q

What are the muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
Tensor Fascia latae

47
Q

What muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus medius/minimus
Tensor Fasciae Latae

48
Q

What muscle is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus Maximus

49
Q

What is the origin and insertions of the gluteus Maximus?

A

O: Sacrum and Ilium
I: Gluteal tuberosity and lateral condole of the tibia

50
Q

Where is the trochanteric bursa located?

A

Between gluteus maxims and greater trochanter

51
Q

What is trochanteric Bursitis?

A

Inflammation of the trochanteric bursa
*Tenderness over the greater trochanter can radiate along the iliotibial band

52
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gluteus medius/ minimus?

A

O: Ilium
I: greater trochanter
A: Thigh (hip joint) abduction

53
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the piriformis?

A

O: sacrum
I: Greater trochanter
A: Lateral rotation of thigh

54
Q

What is the blood supply of the gluteus Maximus?

A

Superior gluteal artery
Inferior gluteal artery

55
Q

What is the blood supply of the gluteus medius and minimus muscle?

A

Superior gluteal artery

56
Q

What is the trendelenburg sign?

A

If the superior gluteal nerve is injured, the contralateral side hip will drop when the limb is lifted

57
Q

What supports our weight while sitting?

A

Ischial tuberosity

58
Q

What is the action of the superior gemellus, oburator internnus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris muscles?

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

59
Q

What is the Insertion of the superior gemellus, oburator internnus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris muscles?

A

Greater trochanter

60
Q

What is the origin of the superior gemellus, oburator internnus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris muscles?

A
  1. SG=Ischial spine
  2. OI=Obturator membrane
  3. IG= Ischial tuberosity
  4. QF= Ischial tuberosity
61
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?

A

O: ASIS
I: Iliotibial band
A: stabilizes IT band, thigh abduction and flexion

62
Q

What is the nerve supply of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

63
Q

What muscles comprise the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Semimembranous
  3. Biceps femoris
64
Q

What does the lumbosacral trunk contain?

A

Axons from anterior rami of L4 and L5 spinal nerves

65
Q

What forms the sciatic nerve?

A

Anterior rami of L4-S3

66
Q

What does the sciatic nerve pass through?

A

Exits pelvic cavity via the greater sciatic foramen

67
Q

What are the two division of the sciatic nerve?

A
  1. Tibial Division
  2. Common Fibular Division
68
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve split?

A

Superior to the popliteal fossa
*Tibial nerve-midline
*Common fibular nerve-inferolaterally

69
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle?

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of the tibia
A @ knee: leg flexion
A @ hip: Thigh extension

70
Q

What is the nerve supply of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle?

A

Tibial Nerve

71
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the biceps femoris?

A

O Long: Ischial tuberosity
O Short: femur
Insertion: head of fibula
A @ hip: Thigh Extension (long)
A @ knee: leg flexion

72
Q

What is the nerve supply of the bicep femoris?

A

Long head: tibial nerve
Short head: common fibular nerve

73
Q

What is the Pes anserinus?

A

Common insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscle into the anteromedial tibia

74
Q

What makes up the coaxial bone?

A

Ilium+Ischium+Pubic Bone

75
Q

What is the socket for the femoral head called?

A

Acetabulum

76
Q

Where would a femoral hernia be located

A

medial to the femoral vein, below the inguinal ligament

77
Q

Where does the adductor canal run from?

A

Apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus

78
Q

What is the adductor hiatus?

A

Opening between two parts of the adductor magnus muscle

79
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein drain to

A

Femoral vein

80
Q

Where does the anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh come from?

A

The femoral nerve

81
Q

Where does the medial cutaneous nerve of the thigh come from?

A

Femoral nerve

82
Q

What is the action of the iliotibial band

A

Thigh extension

83
Q

What emerges superior to the piriformis muscle?

A

Superior gluteal nerve, artery, and vein

84
Q

What emerges inferior to the piriformis muscle

A

Inferior gluteal nerve, artery and vein

85
Q

What passes between the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Superior gluteal artery and nerve

86
Q

What is the insertion and action of the adductor part of adductor magnus?

A

I: medial femur
A: adducts the thigh

87
Q

What is the hamstring action and insertion of the adductor magnus?

A

Insertion: adductor tubercle
Action: extends the thigh (cannot flex the leg)

88
Q

Where can the femoral pulse be felt?

A

Within the femoral triangle
-just inferior to the inguinal ligament

Anatomy (19 decks)

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