Pelvis Anatomy Quiz Flashcards
Which of the following is found on the lateral side of the Ischioanal fossa?
Obturator internus muscle
What is continuous with the crus of the penis?
Corpus cavernosum
What is continuous with the bulb of the penis?
Corpus spongiosum
What part of the penis becomes enlarged with blood during erection?
Corpus cavernosum
What is superior and inferior muscles of the penis?
Superior: Corpus cavernosum
Inferior: Corpus spongiosum
What is the ischianal fossa located betwen?
The levator ani and obturator internus muscle
From proximal to distal what is the order of the different parts of the male urethra?
- Prostatic urethra
- Membranous urethra
- Spongy urethra
What covers the crus of the penis?
Ischiocavernous muscle
What covers the bulb of the penis?
Bulbospongiosus
What does the greater vestibular gland do?
Secrete mucus to lubricate vaginal canal
Where does the pudenal nerve/artery pass trough?
Exit pelvic cavity inferior to the piriformis via greater sciatic foramen
-pass through lesser sciatic foramen
What is in the pudenal canal?
Pudenal nerve and internal pudenal vessels
What is the pudenal canal between?
The obturator internus muscle and fascia
When do pudenal nerve and artery change their name?
To perineal nerves and arteries in the urogential triangle
What do the inferior rectal nerves supply?
External anal sphincter (voluntary)
What sympathetic nerves carry preganglionic sympathetic axons that will supply the mid gut?
Lesser splanchnic nerves
What sympathetic nerves carry preganglionic axons that will supply the hindgut?
Lumbar splanchnic nerves
What sympathetic nerves will supply the foregut carrying preganglionic axons
greater splanchnic nerves
What sympathetic nerves will supply the kidneys carrying preganglionic axons
Least splanchnic nerves
What is the spinal cord level carrying preganglionic neuronal cell bodies? To the foregut? (sympathetic)
T5-T9
What contains the postganglionic cell bodies? (Foregut) (sympathetic)
Celiac
What artery carries the postganglionic axons to the foregut? (Sympathetic)
Celiac
What is the spinal cord level of the preganglionic cell bodies? When the target is the midgut? (Sympathetic)
T10-T11
What contains the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies when the target is the midgut? (Sympathetic)
Superior mesenteric (also the artery containing postganglionic axons)
What is the spinal cord level of the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies when the target is the kidneys? (Sympathetic)
T12
What contains the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies when the target is the kidneys? (Sympathetic)
Aorticorenal
What arteries carry the postganglionic axons when the target is the kidneys? (Sympathetic)
Renal
What is the spinal cord levels of pregnanglionic neuronal cell bodies when the target is the hindgut? (Sympathetic)
L1-L2
What contains the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies when the target is the hindgut? (Sympathetic)
Inferior mesenteric
What artery carries the postganglionic axons, when the target is the hindgut? (Sympathetic)
Inferior mesenteric
Early referred pain from the hindgut is where on the body?
Hypogastric/pubic region
Early referred pain from the kidneys is found where on the bodies?
CVA
Early referred pain from the midgut is found where on the body?
Umbilical
Early referred pain from the foregut is found where on the body?
Epigastric
Which organ is almost above the pelvic pain line?
Uterus
What organs are above and below the pelvic pain line?
Above: Top of urinary bladder, uterus
Below: Vagina, bladder bottom
If you are in contact with peritoneum are you above or below the pelvic pain line?
Above (sympathetic)
If your are NOT in contact with peritoneum are you above or below the pelvic pain line?
Below (parasympathetic)
-sacral determatomes
What is a peritoneal attachment of the uterus?
Mesometrium
What is the attachments of the coccygeus muscle?
Lateral: ischial spine
Medial: coccyx
What is the superior attachment of the ilicoccygues?
Tendinous Arch
What are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani and coccygeus
What is the function of the urogential diaphragm?
Support urinary bladder and internal genital organs
What is the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?
Supports the gastrointestinal tract
-controls defecation
Where do the superior vesicular arteries arises from?
Umbilical artery
-the superior vesicular arteries go to the urinary bladder
What passes inferior to the uterine artery?
The ureter
*Water (ureter) under the bridge (uterine Artery)
Where does the middle rectal artery descend from?
Internal iliac artery
Where does the superior rectal artery descend from?
Inferior mesenteric artery
Where does the superior/inferior gluteal artery exit?
Superior gluteal: superior to piriformis muscle
Inferior gluteal: Inferior to Piriformis
What is the function of the destrusor muscle?
Contracts to empty bladder
The left Gondal vein drains directly to which vein?
Left renal vein
The right Gondal vein drains to which vein?
Inferior vena cava
Where do the gondal arteries arise from?
Abdominal aorta
Pain from portions of the pelvic viscera located above the pelvic pain line is referred to which dermatomes?
L1-L2
Pain from portions of pelvic viscera located below the pelvic pain line is referred to which dermatome?
S2-S4
What nerves produces an erection?
Cavernous nerves
If a radical prostatectomy happens what can it damage?
Can damage the prostatic plexus and cavernous nerves
-results in erectile dysfunction
What is the function of the parasympathetic and sympathetic division for the urinary system/reproductive system/
Parasympathetic: urinary system stimulated, reproductive erection
Sympathetic: urinary system inhibited, reproductive (emission)
What is a spigelian hernia?
Hernia at linea smeilunaris
What describes an indirect inguinal hernia?
Herniation of gut through deep inguinal ring and into the spermatic cord
What is hesselbach’s triangle?
Inferior Epigastric
Rectus abdominis
Inguinal ligament
Describe a direct inguinal hernia
Hernia in the triangle of hesselbach
Which of the following nerves is involved in mediating emission/
Sacral splanchnic nerve
What is Murphys sign?
Rebound tenderness
-gallbladder is located between the costal margin and linea semilunaris
What is a Kehr sign?
Splenic pain
- C3-C5 dermatomes (left shoulder pain)
What is McBurneys Point?
Where the appendix is located 1/3 from the ASIS to umbilicus
What is a positive Psoas sign?
Pain resulting from stretching or contraction of the Psoas Major Muscle
Where is the Psoas Major muscle located?
Directly posterior to the appendix
What nerve is involved with erection?
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
Cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal system are located where?
In the gut wall
What is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the GI?
Acetylcholine
What contains the parasympathetic preganglionic axons to the hindgut?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
-From S2-S4 spinal cord
What carries the parasympathic preganglionic axons to the foregut and midgut?
Vagus nerve
What is Hischsrpung disease?
Failure of migration of neural crest cells
- lack of peristalsis
What is a spinal block?
Lumbar puncture at L3/4 or L4/5
- blocks pain from below that point
What is a caudal epidural block?
Only S2-S4 is effected
-pain is blocked from below the pelvic pain line
-pain is blocked from the S2-S5 dermatomes (vagina is numb)
What is a pudendal nerve block?
Gives near the pudendal canal
-Pain from somatic structures are blocked including vagina
What covers the bulb of the vestibule?
Bulbospongiosus muscle
What covers the crus of the clitoris?
Ischiocavernosus muscle
What is peyronie disease?
Idiopathic formation of fibrous plaques within the tunica albuginea
What is the source of blood to make an erection?
Deep artery of the penis
What structure is only in males?
Internal urethral sphincter
-prevents semen from entering urinary bladder
What is collies fascia continous with?
Scarpas fascia
What is the pectinate line?
Separates soma from viscera
Below the line: painful
Above the line: silent
What sphincter is involuntary/voluntary
Internal anal sphincter (involuntary)
External anal sphincter (voluntary)
What is found on the medial side of the ischioanal fossa/
Levator ani
What does the sacrotuberous ligament attach to?
Sacrum
Ischial tuberosity
What does the sacrospinous ligament attach to?
Sacrum
Ischial spine
Where does the inferior vesicular artery come from?
Internal iliac artery
What is left renal vein entrapment syndrome?
What is semen composed of?
Secretion from
-ductus deferens
-seminal vesicles
-prostate gland
What is the destrusor muscle?
Controls the urinary bladder, contracts to an empty bladder
Where does fertilization occur?
In the ampulla of the uterine tube
What does the round ligament of the uterus contain?
Remnant of the gubernaculum
What is the punch of Douglass between/
Rectum and uterus
What is the function of the puborectalis?
Forms a 90 degree turn between the rectum and anal canal
-relaxation permits defecation
What is the anterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity?
Obturator internus
What is the posterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity?
Piriformis
Preganglionic neuronal cell bodies of the parasympathic division are located where?
Brain stem
What is the neurotransmitter sympathetic division to the GI tract?
norepinephrine
