Shotgun: Random questions Flashcards
What age group does RSV occur in
Infants ONLY
Cheilosis is caused by deficiency of what vitamin?
B2
Heterophile antibody test is another name for what?
monospot
What herb causes a whole-body rash like the measles
Lomatium
HIV infection- herbs to tx?
PHEL
Panax, Hypericum, Echinacea, Licorice
Low level light therapy, sine wave, US- uses
LLLT- RA
Cold laser: arthritis
Sine wave- spasms
Microcurrent: tissue healing after injury
US: fibrotic tissue, adhesions, plantar fasciitis, CTS
Electroacupuncture: CTS
PABA iontophoresis: Sclerosis (like scleroderma)
Tx for fibromyalgia
5HTP, cyclobenzaprine
Heberdens vs Hogarths vs sausage digits vs Boutonierres
Heberdens: OA
Hogarths: RA
Sausage digits: PA
Boutonerres also occurs in RA
Ddx for quick-onset weakness
Guillain-Barre: Ascending (Dx: lumbar puncture)
Myasthenia gravis: fluctuating (Dx: tensilon test)
Tetanus: descending spastic w paralysis of the facial nerve. Can also be random pattern
Botulism: descending flaccid
Sulfsalazine can cause a deficiency of which of the B vitamins?
folate
What type of imaging can differentiate between UC, Crohn’s and CRC?
Barium enema with radiograph
Interstitial lung disease is a risk in which AI disorder?
Sjogren’s
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is a risk in which AI disorder?
SLE
Tx for Sjogren’s
Methotrexate
Tests and tx in FUO?
CBC
No empirical tx as it can mask symptoms
Most common CA in children, and sx
ALL
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Sx: low RBCs, low platelets, leukocytosis and lymphoblasts
How to diagnose menopause? Treatment?
Elevated FSH
Prozac and Gabapentin to reduce physical and mood symptoms
How to work up post-menopausal uterine bleeding?
TVUS, cervical cytology and endometrial biopsy
Most common leukemia in adults?
CLL. Increased WBCs in CBC first indicator.
Beta-carotene should not be given to what people group?
Smokers. Increases risk of cancer.
How to diagnose endometriosis? Natural tx?
Laparoscopy
Flax seeds- phytoestrogenic
Angelica sinensis
Estrogens and progesterone go through which CYP?
3A4
How do you diagnose ovarian CA
Laparatomy, CA 125 as a marker, most common in women >60
How to treat pyelonephritis?
Bactrim or ciprofloxacin (in pt allergic to penicillins or sulfa drugs)
Arctostaphylis can be used, but urine needs to be alkaline. Use baking soda
LH:FSH ratio normally and in PCOS
Tx for PCOS
1: 1 normal
3: 1 in PCOS
low-glycemic index foods
Serenoa to prevent androgens
Fungal infections of the lungs
Histomycosis (lung sx)
Blastomycosis (lung sx, skin growths)
Fungal infection from the Mississippi River area
Histoplasmosis: mold from Mississippi: fever, cough, myalgia from bat and bird poop
Cryptosporidiosis: parasite
Coccididomycosis: valley fever, erythema nodosum, also a fungus
Symptoms must be present for how long in PTSD for diagnosis
> 1 month
Dx and tx of prostate cancer
Dx: free PSA
Tx: leuprolide or goserelin, GnRH inhibitors, prevent formation of testosterone. major side effects include hot flashes, can treat with increased soy in the diet or Salvia.
Can also use Tamulosin, an alpha blocker; side effects include dizziness
How to dx urethritis in a male?
NAAT test in urine
Clear penile discharge suggests what kind of urethritis?
Chlamydia. Tx: Doxycycline
Gonorrhea is usually purulent d/c. Tx: ceftriaxone + azithromycin
How do you treat bacterial prostatitis?
Bactrim or cipro
Same as pyelo
Testicular cancer is often masked by what
Hydrocele
Most common type of BRCA?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Carcinoma vs. sarcoma
Carcinoma: Epithelial. Common. Later in life, less vascular, less rapid growth. Lymphatic spread.
Sarcoma: Connective tissue. Bone, muscle, fat, nerves, cartilage and blood. Occurs in younger people, more vascular and therefore grows rapidly. Spread by blood (blood is a connective tissue and sarcomas are malignancies of the connective tissue!)
Hormonal treatments like Tamoxifen are used in what kind of cancer?
Hormone receptor positive cancers, like BRCA
5FU could be used in hormone receptor negative BRCA
DIM can be used as well to prevent recurrence of cancer
Herbal treatment for hot flashes in women (and men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer)?
Salvia officinalis
How do you diagnosis BRCA
Biopsy
How do you diagnosis Sheehan syndrome?
Labs and MRI. MRI is the best imaging to evaluate the pituitary
How do you diagnose glaucoma?
Amsler chart is graph paper, can help diagnose macular degeneration
Slit lamp: can diagnose closed-angle glaucoma (ER! call 911!) After they are treated in ER, natural tx: quercetin. its a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, relaxing the trabecular network
Tonometry is taking the pressure of the eye, can diagnose open-angle glaucoma
Anthrax exposure: what PPI do you need?
Respirator. In terms of danger: lung exposure > GI > cutaneous.
Tx: Ciprofloxacin. Doxycycline and penicillin also ok.
Meningitis tests
Soto-Hall (flex neck)
Kernig’s (flex legs, watch neck)
Brudzinski’s (flex neck, watch legs)
First line tx for adhesive capsulitis, and main risk factor
Tx: physical therapy
Risks: any AI disease
Trendelenberg sign
Person stands on one leg and lifts opposite leg.
Hip drops on the leg that is being lifted.
Usually means weak or injured glut min and med on the standing leg.
Can also suggest Legg-Cathe-Perthe (AVN of the femoral head) in kids
Legg Calve Perthes
AVN of the femoral head in a child 4-10 usually following a relatively minor injury
Will see +Trendelenberg sign, +FABERE
AVN is an emergency
FABERE tests for what?
hip pathologies
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Irritation of the ulnar nerve from being on your elbows or bending elbows a lot, or arthritis
Sx: numbness and tingling in the ring and little finger
Metabolic syndrome criteria
Must meet 3 or more of the following 5:
waist >40inches (men) or 35 (women) BP>135/85mmHg *fasting TG>150 *fasting HDL<40 (men) or 50 (women) *fasting glucose >100
Gout crystals vs CPP crystals
Gout: needles, negatively biferengent
CPP: rhomboid, positively bifirengent, calcifications noted on imaging
Acute tx vs. prevention of gout
Colchicine = acute treatment. Don’t use longterm, lots of side effects, most common is diarrhea with NV
Allopurinol = prevention
Which analgesic can cause tinnitus and ear damage with long-term use?
Aspirin
Lateral vs medial disc herniation
Natural tx?
Laternal/medial refers to the herniation with respect to the nerve root- it can herniate outside of, or inside of, where the nerve root is leaving the spinal canal
Lateral herniation on the L side- pain on L; pt leans away from pain; antalgic posture is away from pain. “Lay away”. Test with Linder’s- lift neck- stresses nerve root
Medial herniation on the L side- pain on L, pt leans toward the pain (otherwise they pull nerve into herniation); antalgic posture is toward pain. “MINT; medial, lean into.” Test with WLR. Will hurt on L when you lift R leg.
Tx with bromeliad
Bacterical meningitis common microbe + treatment
Neisseria meningitides; Gm(-), intracellular cocci
IV Ceftriaxone
Triple antibiotic ingredients
No penicillin, no sulfa
Neomycin: aminoglycoside antibiotic, allergic reactions possible
Polymixin: nonribosomal peptide, breaks cell wall, bacterial product
Bacitracin: polypeptide, breaks cell wall, bacterial product
Liposomal lidocaine use
Wounds with intact skin only, toxic in open wounds
Antibiotic used in dog bites?
Other steps?
Amoxicillin-clav
TDAP booster
Rabies hasn’t occurred in dogs in the US in a long time, not indicated unless it was a wild animal
Must report animal bites to the county if they cause puncture wound, animal must be monitored for 10 days for signs of disease
Antibiotics to avoid in kids
Doxycline + other tetracyclines: tooth discoloration
Ciprofloxacin and other flouroquinolones: joint and cartilage destruction
Arnica uses
Blunt trauma; don’t use in open wounds, risk of toxicity
Natural treatments for stroke recovery
Gingko, centella, panas ginseng
ALA
For African American patients, tx for HTN does not include?
ACEI and ARB are less effective in these patients
Use CCBs and diuretics
Homeopathic for head injury/TBI
Nat mur
Which diet is used to manage MS symptoms
Swank diet (low-fat)
MS diagnosis?
Spinal tap (?!)
Also need brain lesions in different places at different times, I think that’s a new criteria than the spinal tap?
Larrea
Ligusticum
Lomatium
Ligustrum
Larrea: chaparral, inhibits
Ligusticum: Osha/lovage
Lomatium: carrot family, photosensitizing, measles rash
Ligustrum: privet hedge, bone marrow, hyperlipidemia
Hypolipidemic herb for the liver, digestive stimulant
Cynara
Sionara, lipids!
Phytoestrogenic herbs
Acteae ramosa
Medicago sativa
Trifolium pratense
Vitex stimulates progesterone
Ceanothus (lilac)
Geranium
Quercus
- what is their class?
Astringents
Achillea
Capsella
Geranium
-what is their class?
Hemostyptics
Eupatorium perf vs purple
Perf= fever and infections
PerF=Fever
Purple= for kidney stones
Adrenal cortex vs medulla
Cortex is the outside, has the three zones, sugar, salt, sex
Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, androgens
Medulla (middle) makes epinephrine and norepinephrine
Ceanothus
Gallium
Iris
Phytolacca
Lymphatics
Vaccinium m
Decreases blood vessel permeability
Astringent
For skin stuff
Astringent
Antimicrobial
Treats hot flashes
Salvia
