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Alisha's NPLEX II Review > Shotgun: Random questions > Flashcards

Shotgun: Random questions Flashcards

1
Q

What age group does RSV occur in

A

Infants ONLY

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2
Q

Cheilosis is caused by deficiency of what vitamin?

A

B2

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3
Q

Heterophile antibody test is another name for what?

A

monospot

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4
Q

What herb causes a whole-body rash like the measles

A

Lomatium

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5
Q

HIV infection- herbs to tx?

A

PHEL

Panax, Hypericum, Echinacea, Licorice

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6
Q

Low level light therapy, sine wave, US- uses

A

LLLT- RA
Cold laser: arthritis

Sine wave- spasms

Microcurrent: tissue healing after injury

US: fibrotic tissue, adhesions, plantar fasciitis, CTS

Electroacupuncture: CTS

PABA iontophoresis: Sclerosis (like scleroderma)

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7
Q

Tx for fibromyalgia

A

5HTP, cyclobenzaprine

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8
Q

Heberdens vs Hogarths vs sausage digits vs Boutonierres

A

Heberdens: OA
Hogarths: RA
Sausage digits: PA
Boutonerres also occurs in RA

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9
Q

Ddx for quick-onset weakness

A

Guillain-Barre: Ascending (Dx: lumbar puncture)

Myasthenia gravis: fluctuating (Dx: tensilon test)

Tetanus: descending spastic w paralysis of the facial nerve. Can also be random pattern

Botulism: descending flaccid

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10
Q

Sulfsalazine can cause a deficiency of which of the B vitamins?

A

folate

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11
Q

What type of imaging can differentiate between UC, Crohn’s and CRC?

A

Barium enema with radiograph

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12
Q

Interstitial lung disease is a risk in which AI disorder?

A

Sjogren’s

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13
Q

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is a risk in which AI disorder?

A

SLE

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14
Q

Tx for Sjogren’s

A

Methotrexate

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15
Q

Tests and tx in FUO?

A

CBC

No empirical tx as it can mask symptoms

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16
Q

Most common CA in children, and sx

A

ALL
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Sx: low RBCs, low platelets, leukocytosis and lymphoblasts

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17
Q

How to diagnose menopause? Treatment?

A

Elevated FSH

Prozac and Gabapentin to reduce physical and mood symptoms

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18
Q

How to work up post-menopausal uterine bleeding?

A

TVUS, cervical cytology and endometrial biopsy

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19
Q

Most common leukemia in adults?

A

CLL. Increased WBCs in CBC first indicator.

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20
Q

Beta-carotene should not be given to what people group?

A

Smokers. Increases risk of cancer.

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21
Q

How to diagnose endometriosis? Natural tx?

A

Laparoscopy

Flax seeds- phytoestrogenic
Angelica sinensis

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22
Q

Estrogens and progesterone go through which CYP?

A

3A4

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23
Q

How do you diagnose ovarian CA

A

Laparatomy, CA 125 as a marker, most common in women >60

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24
Q

How to treat pyelonephritis?

A

Bactrim or ciprofloxacin (in pt allergic to penicillins or sulfa drugs)

Arctostaphylis can be used, but urine needs to be alkaline. Use baking soda

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25
Q

LH:FSH ratio normally and in PCOS

Tx for PCOS

A

1: 1 normal
3: 1 in PCOS

low-glycemic index foods
Serenoa to prevent androgens

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26
Q

Fungal infections of the lungs

A

Histomycosis (lung sx)
Blastomycosis (lung sx, skin growths)
Fungal infection from the Mississippi River area

Histoplasmosis: mold from Mississippi: fever, cough, myalgia from bat and bird poop

Cryptosporidiosis: parasite

Coccididomycosis: valley fever, erythema nodosum, also a fungus

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27
Q

Symptoms must be present for how long in PTSD for diagnosis

A

> 1 month

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28
Q

Dx and tx of prostate cancer

A

Dx: free PSA

Tx: leuprolide or goserelin, GnRH inhibitors, prevent formation of testosterone. major side effects include hot flashes, can treat with increased soy in the diet or Salvia.

Can also use Tamulosin, an alpha blocker; side effects include dizziness

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29
Q

How to dx urethritis in a male?

A

NAAT test in urine

30
Q

Clear penile discharge suggests what kind of urethritis?

A

Chlamydia. Tx: Doxycycline

Gonorrhea is usually purulent d/c. Tx: ceftriaxone + azithromycin

31
Q

How do you treat bacterial prostatitis?

A

Bactrim or cipro

Same as pyelo

32
Q

Testicular cancer is often masked by what

A

Hydrocele

33
Q

Most common type of BRCA?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

34
Q

Carcinoma vs. sarcoma

A

Carcinoma: Epithelial. Common. Later in life, less vascular, less rapid growth. Lymphatic spread.

Sarcoma: Connective tissue. Bone, muscle, fat, nerves, cartilage and blood. Occurs in younger people, more vascular and therefore grows rapidly. Spread by blood (blood is a connective tissue and sarcomas are malignancies of the connective tissue!)

35
Q

Hormonal treatments like Tamoxifen are used in what kind of cancer?

A

Hormone receptor positive cancers, like BRCA

5FU could be used in hormone receptor negative BRCA

DIM can be used as well to prevent recurrence of cancer

36
Q

Herbal treatment for hot flashes in women (and men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer)?

A

Salvia officinalis

37
Q

How do you diagnosis BRCA

A

Biopsy

38
Q

How do you diagnosis Sheehan syndrome?

A

Labs and MRI. MRI is the best imaging to evaluate the pituitary

39
Q

How do you diagnose glaucoma?

A

Amsler chart is graph paper, can help diagnose macular degeneration

Slit lamp: can diagnose closed-angle glaucoma (ER! call 911!) After they are treated in ER, natural tx: quercetin. its a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, relaxing the trabecular network

Tonometry is taking the pressure of the eye, can diagnose open-angle glaucoma

40
Q

Anthrax exposure: what PPI do you need?

A

Respirator. In terms of danger: lung exposure > GI > cutaneous.

Tx: Ciprofloxacin. Doxycycline and penicillin also ok.

41
Q

Meningitis tests

A

Soto-Hall (flex neck)
Kernig’s (flex legs, watch neck)
Brudzinski’s (flex neck, watch legs)

42
Q

First line tx for adhesive capsulitis, and main risk factor

A

Tx: physical therapy
Risks: any AI disease

43
Q

Trendelenberg sign

A

Person stands on one leg and lifts opposite leg.
Hip drops on the leg that is being lifted.
Usually means weak or injured glut min and med on the standing leg.
Can also suggest Legg-Cathe-Perthe (AVN of the femoral head) in kids

44
Q

Legg Calve Perthes

A

AVN of the femoral head in a child 4-10 usually following a relatively minor injury

Will see +Trendelenberg sign, +FABERE

AVN is an emergency

45
Q

FABERE tests for what?

A

hip pathologies

46
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Irritation of the ulnar nerve from being on your elbows or bending elbows a lot, or arthritis

Sx: numbness and tingling in the ring and little finger

47
Q

Metabolic syndrome criteria

A

Must meet 3 or more of the following 5:

waist >40inches (men) or 35 (women)
BP>135/85mmHg
*fasting TG>150
*fasting HDL<40 (men) or 50 (women)
*fasting glucose >100
48
Q

Gout crystals vs CPP crystals

A

Gout: needles, negatively biferengent
CPP: rhomboid, positively bifirengent, calcifications noted on imaging

49
Q

Acute tx vs. prevention of gout

A

Colchicine = acute treatment. Don’t use longterm, lots of side effects, most common is diarrhea with NV

Allopurinol = prevention

50
Q

Which analgesic can cause tinnitus and ear damage with long-term use?

A

Aspirin

51
Q

Lateral vs medial disc herniation

Natural tx?

A

Laternal/medial refers to the herniation with respect to the nerve root- it can herniate outside of, or inside of, where the nerve root is leaving the spinal canal

Lateral herniation on the L side- pain on L; pt leans away from pain; antalgic posture is away from pain. “Lay away”. Test with Linder’s- lift neck- stresses nerve root

Medial herniation on the L side- pain on L, pt leans toward the pain (otherwise they pull nerve into herniation); antalgic posture is toward pain. “MINT; medial, lean into.” Test with WLR. Will hurt on L when you lift R leg.

Tx with bromeliad

52
Q

Bacterical meningitis common microbe + treatment

A

Neisseria meningitides; Gm(-), intracellular cocci

IV Ceftriaxone

53
Q

Triple antibiotic ingredients

A

No penicillin, no sulfa

Neomycin: aminoglycoside antibiotic, allergic reactions possible

Polymixin: nonribosomal peptide, breaks cell wall, bacterial product

Bacitracin: polypeptide, breaks cell wall, bacterial product

54
Q

Liposomal lidocaine use

A

Wounds with intact skin only, toxic in open wounds

55
Q

Antibiotic used in dog bites?

Other steps?

A

Amoxicillin-clav
TDAP booster

Rabies hasn’t occurred in dogs in the US in a long time, not indicated unless it was a wild animal

Must report animal bites to the county if they cause puncture wound, animal must be monitored for 10 days for signs of disease

56
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in kids

A

Doxycline + other tetracyclines: tooth discoloration

Ciprofloxacin and other flouroquinolones: joint and cartilage destruction

57
Q

Arnica uses

A

Blunt trauma; don’t use in open wounds, risk of toxicity

58
Q

Natural treatments for stroke recovery

A

Gingko, centella, panas ginseng

ALA

59
Q

For African American patients, tx for HTN does not include?

A

ACEI and ARB are less effective in these patients

Use CCBs and diuretics

60
Q

Homeopathic for head injury/TBI

A

Nat mur

61
Q

Which diet is used to manage MS symptoms

A

Swank diet (low-fat)

62
Q

MS diagnosis?

A

Spinal tap (?!)

Also need brain lesions in different places at different times, I think that’s a new criteria than the spinal tap?

63
Q

Larrea
Ligusticum
Lomatium
Ligustrum

A

Larrea: chaparral, inhibits
Ligusticum: Osha/lovage
Lomatium: carrot family, photosensitizing, measles rash
Ligustrum: privet hedge, bone marrow, hyperlipidemia

64
Q

Hypolipidemic herb for the liver, digestive stimulant

A

Cynara

Sionara, lipids!

65
Q

Phytoestrogenic herbs

A

Acteae ramosa
Medicago sativa
Trifolium pratense

Vitex stimulates progesterone

66
Q

Ceanothus (lilac)
Geranium
Quercus
- what is their class?

A

Astringents

67
Q

Achillea
Capsella
Geranium
-what is their class?

A

Hemostyptics

68
Q

Eupatorium perf vs purple

A

Perf= fever and infections
PerF=Fever

Purple= for kidney stones

69
Q

Adrenal cortex vs medulla

A

Cortex is the outside, has the three zones, sugar, salt, sex
Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, androgens

Medulla (middle) makes epinephrine and norepinephrine

70
Q

Ceanothus
Gallium
Iris
Phytolacca

A

Lymphatics

71
Q

Vaccinium m

A

Decreases blood vessel permeability
Astringent
For skin stuff

72
Q

Astringent
Antimicrobial
Treats hot flashes

A

Salvia

Alisha's NPLEX II Review (19 decks)

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