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Alisha's NPLEX II Review > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Indications and toxic dose of vitamin A

A

Indicated for skin, infections, eye stuff. Beta-carotene can be used for dementia.

Low-temperate cooking (steaming) decreases availability. High-temperature cooking (boiling) increases it.

> 10,000IU/day is teratogenic and can cause osteoporosis
25,000IU/day is TOXIC and causes hepatotoxicity

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2
Q

Tell me about vitamin B1 and B2.

A

B1: requires Mg+ to function. Used to make ATP. Deficiency BeriBeri, Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

B2: treatment for migraines, PD, skin, glossitis

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3
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Used to make ATP and in fat, cholesterol and carbohydrate metabolism. Tryptophan -> niacin. Tx for: hypercholesterolemia, IHD, skin, AD, ADHD, DM1. Can cause flushing.

Deficiency -> pellagra (4 Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia and death)

> 3g/day -> TOXIC

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4
Q

Which vitamins can be toxic in large doses?

A

B3, B6, B9, choline, ADEK

Vitamin A: >10,000IU/day is teratogenic and can cause osteoporosis
>25,000IU/day is TOXIC and causes hepatotoxicity
B3: >3g/day
B6: >500mg NEUROTOXIC
B9: >10mg/day: TOXIC
Choline: >20g
Carnitine >3g/day
Vitamin C >4g=TOXIC (must test for G6PD before giving high dose or -> hemolysis)
Vitamin D >40,00IU = TOXIC.
Vitamin E >1200IU possibly TOXIC

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5
Q

Vitamin B5

A

COA component. For skin issues.

Deficiency: ulcers, weakness, paresthesias

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6
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Used in protein metabolism and glycolysis, neurotransmission. Tx for CAD, IHD, skin, neurological, cognition, pregnancy.

Deficiency: glossitis, chelitis, increased homocysteine (freezing food decreases bioavailability)

> 500mg NEUROTOXIC

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7
Q

Vitamin B7

A

CH, lipid metabolism. produced by the microbiome. For skin, nails, DM.

Deficiency caused by eating raw egg whites, anticonvulsant drugs, and antibiotics.

Only a few food sources: peanuts, mushrooms

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8
Q

Which vitamins can be produced by the microbiome?

A

B7, B12, VK

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9
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Tx for: IHD, neuro, skin, psych. EtOH decreases absorption (so does Metformin). High doses can result in acne.

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10
Q

Choline

A

Treatment for liver dz, increased homocysteine, hyperthyroidism, and bipolar disease.

TOXIC > 20g (NV etc)

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11
Q

Vitamin C

A

Needed for synthesis of collagen and carnitine. Tx: HTN, infxn, allergies, DM, exercise asthma, URIs in people in close quarters (i.e. the army barracks).

Deficiency-> scurvy.

> 4g=TOXIC diarrhea, ARF, hemolysis (in G6PD) and rebound scurvy

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12
Q

Vitamin D

A

Activated in the liver and kidneys. Needed for bones, regulates Ca+, Ph-. Stored in fat, but decreased bioavailability in obesity.

Deficiency -> rickets
>40,00IU = TOXIC. Causes hypercalcemia and calciuria, renal stones, NV

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13
Q 
These conditions are deficiencies of what? 
Wernicke
Beriberi
Pellagra
Scurvy
Rickets
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Megaloblastic anemia
A 
Wernicke, Beriberi : B1
Pellagra: B3 (4Ds)
Scurvy: VC
Rickets: VD
Megaloblastic anemia: B9, B12
Hyperhomocysteinemia: B6
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14
Q

Vitamin E

A

Research says not helpful in CAD.

May help with skin, menstruation (PMS), blood, neuro, MSK

People with fat malabsorption -> risk for deficiency. Lost during cooking.

> 1200IU possibly TOXIC

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15
Q

Vitamin K

A

Treatment for CA, atherosclerosis, liver disease.

Deficiency: bleeding, osteoporosis

TOXICITY: jaundice, hemolytic anemia

Lab test: prothrombin time (PT). Assesses external coagulation pathway. Also includes INR.

Normal PT: 11-13.5 seconds
Normal INR: 0.8-1.1

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16
Q

Vitamin B9

A

prevents stroke by lowering homocysteine. Used in the tx of migraine, skin, CVD, psych, cervical dysplasia.

Deficiency: megaloblastic anemia. OCPs, sulfa antibiotics, and aspirin inhibit absorption.

> 10mg/day: TOXIC

17
Q

Boron

A

increases estrogen’s effect on bone. Can prevent osteoporosis and CVD

18
Q

Methionine

A

Precursor to cysteine.

Needed for carnitine and SAMe synthesis.

Tx for PD, UTIs

19
Q

Taurine

A

Cysteine with B6-> taurine

NT, supports the retina. May be depleted in chemotherapy.

20
Q

What is the different between acetyl-L-carnitine and (levo)carnitine?

A

Acetyl-L-carnitine: similar to acetylCOA

Carnitine/levocarnitine: fat shuttle.

> 3g/day is TOXIC

21
Q

Ubiquinone (CoQ10)

A

Give to people on statins

Preserves VC, VE

22
Q

What should you always supplement with in people on statin drugs?

23
Q

DMAE

A

Precursor to acetylcholine

24
Q

What the supplements which are precursors to acetylcholine and acetyl-COA?

A

DMAE

B5 is part of COA (acetyl-COA)

25
Q

Flavinoids?

A

Treatment for venous insufficiency, retinal problems, inflammation, cancer prevention.

Found in black tea, but this can increase BP, so take care in HTN

Heat-resistant; ok to cook

26
Q

PABA

A

Intermediate in folic acid synthesis. Treatment for skin issues, antifibrotic (scleroderma), ingredient in sunscreen,

Don’t use with sulfa antibiotics

Alisha's NPLEX II Review (19 decks)

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