Shokry Metals

Question 1

inorganic arsenic is found where????

Answer 1

ant and roach baits, wood preservative, insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides

Question 2

If a dairy cow has inorganic arsenic toxicosis you dont have to worry about it being passed on to its calf through milk?

Answer 2

FALSE - milk from poisoned cows contains toxic levels!

Question 3

______ are most susceptible to inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

Answer 3

Herbivores!

Question 4

How do dogs get exposed to inorganic arsenic?

Answer 4

ingestion of ant and roach bait

Question 5

which is more toxic form of inorganic arsenic, pentavalent or trivalent?

Answer 5

trivalent!

Question 6

t/f: chickens and swine are commonly poisoned with inorganic arsenic?

Answer 6

false its rare

Question 7

3 places inorganic arsenic is absorbed?

Answer 7

GIT, intact skin, inhalation

Question 8

where does inorganic arsenic achieve highest concentration in the body?

Answer 8

kidney, hair, nails, hoof, skin

Question 9

pentavent inorganic arsenic reduced in _____ to trivalent?

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

most inorganic arsenic rapidly excreted in the???

Answer 10

urine

Question 11

inorganic arsenic inhibits _____ thus slowing glycolysis and TCA cycle?

Answer 11

lipoid acid

Question 12

which tissues are most sensitive to inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

Answer 12

those that are rich in oxidative enzymes - intestines, liver, kidney

Question 13

peracute signs of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

Answer 13

sudden death!!!! or severe colic, collapse the death

Question 14

acute clinical signs of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

Answer 14

rapid onset, severe colic, staggering salivation, vomiting, this, watery (maybe hemorrhagic) diarrhea, possible hematuria, 1-3d death

Question 15

subacute signs of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

Answer 15

colic, anorexia, diarrhea w blood + mucosal shreds (ew), depression, partial paralysis of hind limbs, death in several d

Question 16

lab tests on alive and dead animals to check for inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

Answer 16

alive: urine
dead: liver and kidney (>7-10ppm = strong indication)

Question 17

Which is chelator of choice to tx inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

Answer 17

Dimercaprol

Question 18

2 organic arsenicals we discussed?

Answer 18

arsanillic acid and roxarsone

Question 19

MOA of organic arsenicals?

Answer 19

we dunno

Question 20

organic arsenicals used in which 2 species?

Answer 20

swine and poultry

Question 21

organic arsenicals more toxic than inorganic arsenicals??

Answer 21

NO other way around

Question 22

CS of arsanillic acid in pigs?

Answer 22

incoordination, ataxia, partial paralysis, blindness, erythema, sun sensitivity

Question 23

Roxarsone causes blindness in pigs?

Answer 23

NO, only arsanillic acid does

Question 24

2 sources of Cu toxicity?

Answer 24

excess Cu, Mo deficiency (Mo is molybdenum)

Question 25

normal Cu:Mo ratio?

Answer 25

6:1

Question 26

Cu mainly excreted in the _____

Answer 26

bile

Question 27

MOA of Cu toxicosis?

Answer 27

accumulates in liver --> liver degeneration and necrosis, release of Cu which oxidizes RBC membranes = hemolytic crisis -- Cu oxidizes Hb to methemoglobin which cant carry O2

Question 28

CS of Cu toxicosis?

Answer 28

weakness, anorexia, pale MM, icterus, fever, dyspnea, shock, hemoglobinuria

Question 29

Youre conducting a necropsy on a sheep. the mucus membranes appear yellow, and the liver is enlarged and friable. The kidneys are bluish and appear as 'gunmetal' kidneys, and the spleen is similar to black berry jam. What do you suspect?

Answer 29

Copper toxicosis

Question 30

what supplement could you give to an animal to reduce hepatic Cu accumulation?

Answer 30

Zinc

Question 31

3 treatment plans for Cu toxicosis?

Answer 31

ammonium tetrathiomolybate, D-penicillamine, ammonium molybdate + thiosulfate

Question 32

T/F: Mo excreted in milk in toxic levels?

Answer 32

yes!!!

Question 33

where is Mo absorbed?

Answer 33

GIT

Question 34

species most susceptible to Mo toxicosis?

Answer 34

cows

Question 35

2 species resistant to Mo toxicosis?

Answer 35

horses and pigs

Question 36

a farmer calls you saying his cows have diarrhea and he is concerned. the diarrhea is green with bubbles. what is likely the cause?

Answer 36

Mo toxicosis

Question 37

Mo deficiency causes deficiency of what???

Answer 37

copper

Question 38

2 Tx for Mo toxicosis?

Answer 38

copper glycerinate and copper sulfate

Question 39

CS of Mo toxicosis?

Answer 39

severe green diarrhea, rough hair coat, depigmentation, weight loss, anemia, osteoporosis, exostosis, lameness, pica

Question 40

Selenium deficiency disease aka????

Answer 40

white muscle disease/nutritional muscle dystrophy in lambs, calves, foals hepatosis dietetic in pigs exudative diathesis in chicks nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chickens porcine stress syndrome in pigs

Question 41

how many oxidation states does Se have?

Answer 41

3

Question 42

t/f Se is an antioxidant?

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

source of Se in toxicosis?

Answer 43

seleniferous plant ingestion or grains grown on Se rich soil

Question 44

subacute Se toxicosis in pigs is called? wha does it cause?

Answer 44

Porcine focal symmetrical poliomyelomalacia | neuro signs: incoordination, lameness, paralysis, alopecia, hoof abnormalities, hoof separation

Question 45

subacute Se toxicosis in cows??? 3 stages??

Answer 45

Blind staggers Stage 1 - poor appetite, aimless wandering, circling, walking through objects, normal resp and temp Stage 2 - stage 1 + depression, incoordination, foreleg weakness, walking on knees, complete anorexia Stage 3 - colic, hypothermia, emaciation, clouded corneas near blindness, paresis, coma, death

Question 46

Chronic Se toxicosis name and signs???

Answer 46

Alkali disease rough hair coat, loss of hair from mane and tail, hoof deformities and sloughing, joint stiffness, lameness, partial blindness, anemia, lethargy, emaciation, infertility, birth defects

Question 47

acute Se toxicosis signs?

Answer 47

GI signs: colic, bloat, dark watery diarrhea Resp signs: laboured w/ fluid sounds n lungs, bloody broth from nares, cyanosis Other: fever, PU, mydriasis, uncertain gait, death in hours

Question 48

How would you treat Se toxicosis?

Answer 48

saline cathartics, tx symptoms, acetylcysteine

Question 49

MOA of Se toxicosis?

Answer 49

se replaces S in amino acids = abnormal proteins, decreased ATP in chronic toxicosis, decreased tissue ascorbic acid