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Toxicology Test 2 > Shokry Metals > Flashcards

Shokry Metals Flashcards

1
Q

inorganic arsenic is found where????

A

ant and roach baits, wood preservative, insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides

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2
Q

If a dairy cow has inorganic arsenic toxicosis you dont have to worry about it being passed on to its calf through milk?

A

FALSE - milk from poisoned cows contains toxic levels!

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3
Q

______ are most susceptible to inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

Herbivores!

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4
Q

How do dogs get exposed to inorganic arsenic?

A

ingestion of ant and roach bait

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5
Q

which is more toxic form of inorganic arsenic, pentavalent or trivalent?

A

trivalent!

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6
Q

t/f: chickens and swine are commonly poisoned with inorganic arsenic?

A

false its rare

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7
Q

3 places inorganic arsenic is absorbed?

A

GIT, intact skin, inhalation

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8
Q

where does inorganic arsenic achieve highest concentration in the body?

A

kidney, hair, nails, hoof, skin

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9
Q

pentavent inorganic arsenic reduced in _____ to trivalent?

A

liver

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10
Q

most inorganic arsenic rapidly excreted in the???

A

urine

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11
Q

inorganic arsenic inhibits _____ thus slowing glycolysis and TCA cycle?

A

lipoid acid

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12
Q

which tissues are most sensitive to inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

those that are rich in oxidative enzymes - intestines, liver, kidney

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13
Q

peracute signs of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

sudden death!!!! or severe colic, collapse the death

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14
Q

acute clinical signs of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

rapid onset, severe colic, staggering salivation, vomiting, this, watery (maybe hemorrhagic) diarrhea, possible hematuria, 1-3d death

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15
Q

subacute signs of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

colic, anorexia, diarrhea w blood + mucosal shreds (ew), depression, partial paralysis of hind limbs, death in several d

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16
Q

lab tests on alive and dead animals to check for inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

alive: urine
dead: liver and kidney (>7-10ppm = strong indication)

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17
Q

Which is chelator of choice to tx inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

Dimercaprol

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18
Q

2 organic arsenicals we discussed?

A

arsanillic acid and roxarsone

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19
Q

MOA of organic arsenicals?

A

we dunno

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20
Q

organic arsenicals used in which 2 species?

A

swine and poultry

21
Q

organic arsenicals more toxic than inorganic arsenicals??

A

NO other way around

22
Q

CS of arsanillic acid in pigs?

A

incoordination, ataxia, partial paralysis, blindness, erythema, sun sensitivity

23
Q

Roxarsone causes blindness in pigs?

A

NO, only arsanillic acid does

24
Q

2 sources of Cu toxicity?

A

excess Cu, Mo deficiency (Mo is molybdenum)

25
Q

normal Cu:Mo ratio?

A

6:1

26
Q

Cu mainly excreted in the _____

A

bile

27
Q

MOA of Cu toxicosis?

A

accumulates in liver –> liver degeneration and necrosis, release of Cu which oxidizes RBC membranes = hemolytic crisis – Cu oxidizes Hb to methemoglobin which cant carry O2

28
Q

CS of Cu toxicosis?

A

weakness, anorexia, pale MM, icterus, fever, dyspnea, shock, hemoglobinuria

29
Q

Youre conducting a necropsy on a sheep. the mucus membranes appear yellow, and the liver is enlarged and friable. The kidneys are bluish and appear as ‘gunmetal’ kidneys, and the spleen is similar to black berry jam. What do you suspect?

A

Copper toxicosis

30
Q

what supplement could you give to an animal to reduce hepatic Cu accumulation?

A

Zinc

31
Q

3 treatment plans for Cu toxicosis?

A

ammonium tetrathiomolybate, D-penicillamine, ammonium molybdate + thiosulfate

32
Q

T/F: Mo excreted in milk in toxic levels?

A

yes!!!

33
Q

where is Mo absorbed?

A

GIT

34
Q

species most susceptible to Mo toxicosis?

A

cows

35
Q

2 species resistant to Mo toxicosis?

A

horses and pigs

36
Q

a farmer calls you saying his cows have diarrhea and he is concerned. the diarrhea is green with bubbles. what is likely the cause?

A

Mo toxicosis

37
Q

Mo deficiency causes deficiency of what???

A

copper

38
Q

2 Tx for Mo toxicosis?

A

copper glycerinate and copper sulfate

39
Q

CS of Mo toxicosis?

A

severe green diarrhea, rough hair coat, depigmentation, weight loss, anemia, osteoporosis, exostosis, lameness, pica

40
Q

Selenium deficiency disease aka????

A

white muscle disease/nutritional muscle dystrophy in lambs, calves, foals
hepatosis dietetic in pigs
exudative diathesis in chicks
nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chickens
porcine stress syndrome in pigs

41
Q

how many oxidation states does Se have?

A

3

42
Q

t/f Se is an antioxidant?

A

yes

43
Q

source of Se in toxicosis?

A

seleniferous plant ingestion or grains grown on Se rich soil

44
Q

subacute Se toxicosis in pigs is called? wha does it cause?

A

Porcine focal symmetrical poliomyelomalacia

neuro signs: incoordination, lameness, paralysis, alopecia, hoof abnormalities, hoof separation

45
Q

subacute Se toxicosis in cows??? 3 stages??

A

Blind staggers
Stage 1 - poor appetite, aimless wandering, circling, walking through objects, normal resp and temp
Stage 2 - stage 1 + depression, incoordination, foreleg weakness, walking on knees, complete anorexia
Stage 3 - colic, hypothermia, emaciation, clouded corneas near blindness, paresis, coma, death

46
Q

Chronic Se toxicosis name and signs???

A

Alkali disease
rough hair coat, loss of hair from mane and tail, hoof deformities and sloughing, joint stiffness, lameness, partial blindness, anemia, lethargy, emaciation, infertility, birth defects

47
Q

acute Se toxicosis signs?

A

GI signs: colic, bloat, dark watery diarrhea
Resp signs: laboured w/ fluid sounds n lungs, bloody broth from nares, cyanosis
Other: fever, PU, mydriasis, uncertain gait, death in hours

48
Q

How would you treat Se toxicosis?

A

saline cathartics, tx symptoms, acetylcysteine

49
Q

MOA of Se toxicosis?

A

se replaces S in amino acids = abnormal proteins, decreased ATP in chronic toxicosis, decreased tissue ascorbic acid

Toxicology Test 2 (9 decks)

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