Herbicides

Question 1

Source of phenoxy derivative toxicity?

Answer 1

accidental ingestion of concentrates and spays, grazing freshly sprayed pasture (cattle), exposure to sprayed lawns (pets)

Question 2

2 species most susceptible to phenoxy derivative toxicity?

Answer 2

cows and dogs

Question 3

Which species most sensitive to phenoxy derivate toxicity?

Answer 3

dogs

Question 4

Main effect of phenoxy derivative?

Answer 4

GI irritant

Question 5

2 main routes of exposure of pheenoxy derivatives?

Answer 5

GIT or inhalation

Question 6

T/F: acidifying urine increases renal excretion of phenoxy derivatives?

Answer 6

FALSE - alkalinisation of urine enhances renal excretion of it

Question 7

another name for phenoxy derivatives

Answer 7

2,4-D

Question 8

3 enzymes that would be elevated if you did a lab analysis of animal with phenoxy derivative toxicosis

Answer 8

ALP, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and CPK (creatine phosphokinase)

Question 9

T/F: there is a magical berry you can use to treat phenoxy derivative toxicosis

Answer 9

FALSE - no specific antidote, just detoxify with soap water and charcoal and support w IV fluids, antidiarrheals and rumenatorics

Question 10

A cow is presenting with anorexia, bloat, diarrhea, mouth ulcers and rumen antony. The owner mentions that the pasture was recently sprayed with a herbicide. Of the few we have covered, which is likely the cause of the symptoms?

Answer 10

Phenoxy derivatives

Question 11

A dog has been exposed to a lawn recently treated w/ a herbicide (oh no!). its vomiting and has nasty bloody diarrhea, myotonia, and opisthotonos. it dies. (sad) you do a necropsy and notice the lungs to be normal. based on findings, which herbicide was the lawn treated w/?

Answer 11

phenoxy derivatives!!! if CS didnt give it away, lung part should bc paraquat would cause a shit show in the lungs

Question 12

T/F: diquat is more toxic vs paraquat

Answer 12

FALSE. paraquat is RUP and more toxic because better absorption, diquat is GUP

Question 13

The MOA of paraquat is that it messes up the electrochemical gradient of cellular membrans?

Answer 13

no!!!!!!! its reduced by NADPH then you get reactive oxygen species (hydroperoxides) that bamboozle membranes and cause cellular degeneration and necrosis

Question 14

What organ does paraquat like to abuse

Answer 14

LUNGS

Question 15

should you give O2 supportive therapy to an animal with paraquat toxicosis?

Answer 15

NO NO NO!!!!! the problem is reactive oxygen species so youre basically making the problem worse

Question 16

How is paraquat excreted?

Answer 16

urine

Question 17

2 main lesion locations for animal w/ paraquat toxicosis???

Answer 17

lungs get absolutely rocked (congestion, fibrosis. edema, hepatization aka look like liver) and also the tongue has nasty ulcers

Question 18

animals w/ paraquat toxicosis have good prognosis??

Answer 18

nooooooo its guarded to grave

Question 19

in addition to detoxification what could you give an animal w/ paraquat toxicosis?

Answer 19

antioxidants!!!! to combat the ROS

Question 20

Early signs of acute paraquat toxicosis?

Answer 20

vomiting anorexia depression ataxia dyspnea seizures

Question 21

delayed signs of acute paraquat toxicosis???

Answer 21

resp signs - tachypnea, dyspnea, harsh resp sounds, cyanosis, reduced pulmonary compliance

Question 22

signs of subacute or chronic paraquat toxicosis???

Answer 22

resp signs due to progressive pulmonary fibrosis

Question 23

T/F: diquat is absorbed well from GIT

Answer 23

NO