Rodenticides Flashcards
when zinc oxide ingested, stomach acid causes it to release the toxic gas:
phosphine
MOA of zinc phosphide?
not exactly known, irritant on GI mucosa, toxicity due to absorption of phosphine fas - inhibits oxidative phosphorylation + cellular energy, increased ROS, organs w/ high O2 demand affected, damage to vessels and RBCs, later to liver and kidney (damaged)
CS of zinc phosphide toxicity?
rapid onset, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain and bloat in cattle, wheezing, dyspnea, dogs have CNS excitation + compulsive hyper motility (mad dog running), yelping convulsions
What does zinc oxide vomit smell like?
garlic or fish (SO GROSS)
An owner calls you because his dog ingested some rodenticide. He reads the label and tells you the active ingredient is zinc phosphide. He is on his way to the clinic and the dog throws up on his seat (yuck!). What do you tell the owner to do?
Roll down the windows! need good ventilation bc phosphine gas is dangerous for human inhalation
species most sensitive to fluoroacetate toxicity?
carnivores
3 routes of exposure of fluoroacetate?
GIT (most common), lungs, open skin
MOA of fluoroacetate toxicity?
intracellular conversion to fluorocitrate, inhibits TCA, lethal synthesis in mitochondria, energy depletion, citric and lactic acid build up = dec blood pH, citrate binds Ca, hypocalcemia and heart failure
3 places fluoroacetate targets?
brain, CV, CNS
key way of distinguishing convulsions caused by fluoroacetate vs. strychnine?
fluoroacetate convulsions cannot be induced by noise or touch and time of symptom onset is longer
___ signs predominate in horses w/ fluroroacetate toxicity?
cardiac
compare strychnine toxicity in cats and dogs
dogs more frequently poisoned and more sensitive than cats
strychnine undergoes hepatic recirculation???
yes
MOA of strychnine toxicosis?
antagonizes glycine, neurotransmitter released by post synaptic inhibitory neutrons in SC. binds Cl ion channel, inc neuronal excitability, exaggerated reflex arc = muscle stiffness, cramps, muscle contractions triggered by emotional, auditory and physical stimuli
your dog is giving you a sardonic grin. what did it eat????
strychnine
animals w/ strychnine toxicosis die from???
resp failure
samples to diagnose strychnine toxicosis in alive and dead animal?
alive: stomach contents, bait, serum, urine
Dead: stomach contents nad liver
you should give opioids, phenothiazines, NMBDs and dissociative anesthetics to dog with strychnine toxicosis?
NO
cholecalciferol is type of vitamin?
DDDDDDD
animals most frequently poisoned by cholecalciferol?
dogs and cats
cholecalciferol has wide safety margin??
NO its narrow
Calcitriol effect on kidneys?
stims renal absorption of Ca and Ca release for bone - hypercalcemia and hyperphosphateia
death in cholecalciferol toxicity due to???
cardiac and renal failure
The St kitts CSI needs your help!!!! dogs all over the island have been maliciously poisoned (sad!!!). necropsies have shown that there are white chalky deposits of calcium on the epicardial surface of heart and serosal surface of intestine. What bait is the murderer using???
cholecalciferol
a dog that ingested rodenticide comes into your clinic. your intern suggests treating with vitamin K1. can you just treat w/o knowing the type of rodenticide you are dealing with?
NOOOO. Bromethalin is non-coagulate so if you give K1 youre going to have lots of clot situations happening!! dont assume all rodenticides are anticoagulants!!
guinea pigs susceptible to bromethalin toxicosis?
NO
MOA of bromehthalin???
decreased ATP prod, inhibits Na/K ATPase enzymatic activity, loss of osmotic control, cerebral and spinal edema, inc CSF pressure, neuro dysfunction, paralysis, convulsions, death
bromethalin metabolized in liver to_______
desmethylbromethalin
2 types of syndromes caused by bromethalin toxicosis???
paralytic syndrome and convulsant syndrome
what generation rodenticide is warfarin?
first
main CS of anticoagulant rodenticides?
hemorrhage!!!!
which Vit K would you tx an anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity w/???
K1
