Rodenticides

Question 1

when zinc oxide ingested, stomach acid causes it to release the toxic gas:

Answer 1

phosphine

Question 2

MOA of zinc phosphide?

Answer 2

not exactly known, irritant on GI mucosa, toxicity due to absorption of phosphine fas - inhibits oxidative phosphorylation + cellular energy, increased ROS, organs w/ high O2 demand affected, damage to vessels and RBCs, later to liver and kidney (damaged)

Question 3

CS of zinc phosphide toxicity?

Answer 3

rapid onset, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain and bloat in cattle, wheezing, dyspnea, dogs have CNS excitation + compulsive hyper motility (mad dog running), yelping convulsions

Question 4

What does zinc oxide vomit smell like?

Answer 4

garlic or fish (SO GROSS)

Question 5

An owner calls you because his dog ingested some rodenticide. He reads the label and tells you the active ingredient is zinc phosphide. He is on his way to the clinic and the dog throws up on his seat (yuck!). What do you tell the owner to do?

Answer 5

Roll down the windows! need good ventilation bc phosphine gas is dangerous for human inhalation

Question 6

species most sensitive to fluoroacetate toxicity?

Answer 6

carnivores

Question 7

3 routes of exposure of fluoroacetate?

Answer 7

GIT (most common), lungs, open skin

Question 8

MOA of fluoroacetate toxicity?

Answer 8

intracellular conversion to fluorocitrate, inhibits TCA, lethal synthesis in mitochondria, energy depletion, citric and lactic acid build up = dec blood pH, citrate binds Ca, hypocalcemia and heart failure

Question 9

3 places fluoroacetate targets?

Answer 9

brain, CV, CNS

Question 10

key way of distinguishing convulsions caused by fluoroacetate vs. strychnine?

Answer 10

fluoroacetate convulsions cannot be induced by noise or touch and time of symptom onset is longer

Question 11

___ signs predominate in horses w/ fluroroacetate toxicity?

Answer 11

cardiac

Question 12

compare strychnine toxicity in cats and dogs

Answer 12

dogs more frequently poisoned and more sensitive than cats

Question 13

strychnine undergoes hepatic recirculation???

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

MOA of strychnine toxicosis?

Answer 14

antagonizes glycine, neurotransmitter released by post synaptic inhibitory neutrons in SC. binds Cl ion channel, inc neuronal excitability, exaggerated reflex arc = muscle stiffness, cramps, muscle contractions triggered by emotional, auditory and physical stimuli

Question 15

your dog is giving you a sardonic grin. what did it eat????

Answer 15

strychnine

Question 16

animals w/ strychnine toxicosis die from???

Answer 16

resp failure

Question 17

samples to diagnose strychnine toxicosis in alive and dead animal?

Answer 17

alive: stomach contents, bait, serum, urine
Dead: stomach contents nad liver

Question 18

you should give opioids, phenothiazines, NMBDs and dissociative anesthetics to dog with strychnine toxicosis?

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

cholecalciferol is type of vitamin?

Answer 19

DDDDDDD

Question 20

animals most frequently poisoned by cholecalciferol?

Answer 20

dogs and cats

Question 21

cholecalciferol has wide safety margin??

Answer 21

NO its narrow

Question 22

Calcitriol effect on kidneys?

Answer 22

stims renal absorption of Ca and Ca release for bone - hypercalcemia and hyperphosphateia

Question 23

death in cholecalciferol toxicity due to???

Answer 23

cardiac and renal failure

Question 24

The St kitts CSI needs your help!!!! dogs all over the island have been maliciously poisoned (sad!!!). necropsies have shown that there are white chalky deposits of calcium on the epicardial surface of heart and serosal surface of intestine. What bait is the murderer using???

Answer 24

cholecalciferol

Question 25

a dog that ingested rodenticide comes into your clinic. your intern suggests treating with vitamin K1. can you just treat w/o knowing the type of rodenticide you are dealing with?

Answer 25

NOOOO. Bromethalin is non-coagulate so if you give K1 youre going to have lots of clot situations happening!! dont assume all rodenticides are anticoagulants!!

Question 26

guinea pigs susceptible to bromethalin toxicosis?

Answer 26

NO

Question 27

MOA of bromehthalin???

Answer 27

decreased ATP prod, inhibits Na/K ATPase enzymatic activity, loss of osmotic control, cerebral and spinal edema, inc CSF pressure, neuro dysfunction, paralysis, convulsions, death

Question 28

bromethalin metabolized in liver to_______

Answer 28

desmethylbromethalin

Question 29

2 types of syndromes caused by bromethalin toxicosis???

Answer 29

paralytic syndrome and convulsant syndrome

Question 30

what generation rodenticide is warfarin?

Answer 30

first

Question 31

main CS of anticoagulant rodenticides?

Answer 31

hemorrhage!!!!

Question 32

which Vit K would you tx an anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity w/???

Answer 32

K1