Shock - Unit 1 Flashcards
Shock - def
inadequate tissue perfusion.
Shock is low BP - T/F?
FALSE - it is not low BP!
What are some factors needed for maintain perfusion?
Adequate pumping, circulating fluid, and an intact vascular container.
Oxygen - required for the majority of ____ production.
Energy!
Oxygen Transport - Hemoglobin Bound = __%, dissolved in plasma - __%.
97%, 3%
Monitoring - SpO2 =
pO2 =
SpO2 = Hemoglobin Bound pO2 = Dissolved in plasma.
What are some causes of shock?
Inadequate oxygen delivery, inadequate nutrient delivery, impaired nutrient (glucose) uptake.
What are the 3 stages of shock?
Compensated - the body’s compensatory mechanisms are able to maintain some degree of perfusion.
Decompensated - the body can’t maintain tissue perfusion.
Irreversible - damage is so massive, you’re fucked.
Shock is a symptom of its cause. T/F?
True!
What are some symptoms of shock?
Increased pulse (rapid, weak, etc) and decreased BP!
Cardiogenic shock - what is it?
When the heart can’t pump enough blood.
Distributive Shock - what is it?
Inadequate blood flow in the small vessels. It disrupts an area!
Neurogenic Shock - What is it?
Disruption of the autonomic system in the spine.
Septic Shock - what is it?
When your body has too many toxins
Anaphylactic Shock - what is it?
When you have a major allergic reaction
Obstructive shock - what are some examples?
Pulmonary embolus, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax
Hypovolemic Shock - def
Fluid (blood or plasma) is lost from the intravascular space.
What are some causes of hypovolemic shock?
Trauma (like an injury, fracture, laceration, MI, rupture) or GI tract (like esophageal varices, ulcers, lesions, etc.)
What is stage 1 of hemorrhage?
Compensated - acute loss of less than 15% (750 ml) of blood volume. There are compensatory signs and symptoms here.
What is stage 2 of hemorrhage?
Compensated - acute loss of 15-30% blood volume (750-1500 ml), and more increases in signs and symptoms.
What is stage 3 of hemorrhage?
Uncompensated - Acute loss of 30-40% of blood volume (1500-2000 ml)
What is stage 4 of hemorrhage?
Exsanguination - Acute loss of >40% of blood volume (>2000ml) - worsening to uncontrollable S/S
What are some treatment options for hypovolemic shock?
Oxygen, position of patient, monitors, IV access, fluid replacement, etc.
What are some fluid replacement options for hypovolemia and hemorrhage?
Hypovolemia - isotonic crystalloids and colloids (colloids have a longer lasting effect), and for Hemorrhage, it’s whole blood, packed RBC’s and isotonic crystalloids.
If shock due to trauma, and bleeding cannot be controlled, give only enough small fluid boluses to maintain radial pulse (SBP = 80)
If bleeding can be controlled, control bleeding and administer enough fluid or blood to restore normal blood pressure.
T/F?
True!
Fluids are super important in treating shock. T/F?
TRUE!
With shock/hypovolemia, we shouldn’t worry about acidosis, coagulopathy (impaired blood clotting), or hypothermia. T/F?
FALSE - we should!
