Pituitary Glands - Anterior/Posterior - Unit 1 Flashcards
The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that influence….
Growth and Metabolism, Sexual Development, Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
What are the hormones secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?
Growth Hormone, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Porlactin, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone.
Growth Hormone - activity?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - activity?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - activities?
Prolactin - activity?
Luteinizing Hormone - Activity?
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone - Activity?
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone - Activities?
Growth Hormone - Growth.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Metabolism.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - Metabolism/F & E
Prolactin - Sexual Function
Luteinizing Hormone - Sexual Function
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone - Sexual Function
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone - Pigmentation, circadian rhythm.
Primary Pituitary Dysfunction - problem with…
The actual gland.
Secondary Pituitary Dysfunction - problem with…
hypothalamus.
What are some causes of hypopituitarism?
Tumors, severe malnutrition, head trauma, infection, surgery, aids, hypovolemic shock, etc.
Sheehan’s Syndrome - lots of blood loss during…
childbirth.
What can cause hyperpituitarism?
Adenomas (produces too much), and Hyperplasia (too much growth)
Growth Hormone directly affects tissue and cell growth - T/F?
False! It does not!
GH stimulates the liver to produce ____ which enhance growth activities of tissues and cells.
Somatomedins — IGF1
GH –> IGF1 –> Stimulates cell growth. T/F?
True
Gh, Insulin and Grehlin control blood glucose levels and hunger. T/F?
True!
GH Stimulates Fatty Acid Metabolism and Triglyceride Update and STOPS Carbohydrate and protein metabolism. T/F?
True!
In starvation, GH will use __ for food first.
Fat!
Low GH - More fat. T/F?
True!
Better GH Level, worse cholesterol. T/F?
False - with a better GH level, you’ll have better cholesterol. So Low GH, increased cholesterol!
GH Deficiency - decreased growth in children is growth ___. In adults, it can be ___.
Growth retardation in children/osteoporosis in adults.
What are some concerns with GH deficiency in an adult?
Decreased bone density, weakness, lethargy, decreased fat metabolism, decreased triglyceride uptake.
With GH Excess, why don’t adults grow taller?
Their bone plates have fused- so they can’t just add more bone on!
What is gigantism?
GH Hypersecretion that begins BEFORE puberty. This includes rapid, proportional growth because the bone lines haven’t fused.
What is acromegaly?
This is GH hypersecretion AFTER puberty. SO this includes increased skeletal thickness but not growing to look like you’re Hagrid’s brother.
What are some physical assessments for Gh Excess?
Physical changes, energy and strength, pain (bone/joint ?), mobility, symptoms associated with it, etc.
To test GH levels, we would give Insulin - if GH’s normal, you’re okay. If not…
Then you have a problem!
What are some patient considerations for GH excess?
Self esteem problems, body image, role function, financial stress and relationship issues.
Deficiency of the gonadotropins alter sexual function in just men. T/F?
FALSE - in BOTH men and women.
LH Deficiency - triggers what/stimulates production of what?
Ovulation/stimulates production of testosterone.
What happens in men with LH deficiency?
Loss of secondary sex characteristics (like loss of body hair, etc), decreased libido, infertility, testicular atrophy, etc.)
What happens in women with LH deficiency?
Ovarian failure, amenorrhea, infertility.
What does FSH do?
Stimulates follicular development in ovaries, stimulates sperm production/influences fertility.
What happens with FSH deficiency?
Infertility.
What happens with LH/FSH excess? Is it rare?
It is very rare - it stimulates menopausal state in women.
What are some physical assessments with LH/FSH excess?
Secondary sex characteristics, reproductive issues, menses (women), libido problems, dysparuenia (painful intercourse for the ladies).
Prolactin - what does it do?
Milk production in females, suppresses secretion of LH and FSH levels, and may play a role of myelinization of axons in CNS.
What happens with prolactin excess?
In relation to LH/FSH suppression - ED, Hypogonadism, decreased libido, amenorrhea.
What is the most common cause of hyper secretion?
Tumor in the pituitary gland. Causes excess prolactin.
What happens with prolactin deficiency?
Reduced or absent milk supply - which may have emotional implications.
What does hypopituitarism?
Causes hormone deficiency - so we need to focus on Hormone Replacement.
How do we treat hyperpituitarism?
Surgery - Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy - it’s where they stick a “stick” through the nose and cut the tumor out.
What are some drugs for Hyperpituitarism?
Dopamine Agonists/Somatostatin analogs, Radiation Therapy
What is Sheehan’s Syndrome?
Hypopituitarism post-pardum.
