Pituitary Glands - Anterior/Posterior - Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that influence….

A

Growth and Metabolism, Sexual Development, Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

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2
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?

A

Growth Hormone, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Porlactin, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone.

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3
Q

Growth Hormone - activity?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - activity?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - activities?
Prolactin - activity?
Luteinizing Hormone - Activity?
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone - Activity?
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone - Activities?

A

Growth Hormone - Growth.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Metabolism.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - Metabolism/F & E
Prolactin - Sexual Function
Luteinizing Hormone - Sexual Function
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone - Sexual Function
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone - Pigmentation, circadian rhythm.

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4
Q

Primary Pituitary Dysfunction - problem with…

A

The actual gland.

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5
Q

Secondary Pituitary Dysfunction - problem with…

A

hypothalamus.

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6
Q

What are some causes of hypopituitarism?

A

Tumors, severe malnutrition, head trauma, infection, surgery, aids, hypovolemic shock, etc.

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7
Q

Sheehan’s Syndrome - lots of blood loss during…

A

childbirth.

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8
Q

What can cause hyperpituitarism?

A

Adenomas (produces too much), and Hyperplasia (too much growth)

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9
Q

Growth Hormone directly affects tissue and cell growth - T/F?

A

False! It does not!

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10
Q

GH stimulates the liver to produce ____ which enhance growth activities of tissues and cells.

A

Somatomedins — IGF1

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11
Q

GH –> IGF1 –> Stimulates cell growth. T/F?

A

True

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12
Q

Gh, Insulin and Grehlin control blood glucose levels and hunger. T/F?

A

True!

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13
Q

GH Stimulates Fatty Acid Metabolism and Triglyceride Update and STOPS Carbohydrate and protein metabolism. T/F?

A

True!

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14
Q

In starvation, GH will use __ for food first.

A

Fat!

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15
Q

Low GH - More fat. T/F?

A

True!

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16
Q

Better GH Level, worse cholesterol. T/F?

A

False - with a better GH level, you’ll have better cholesterol. So Low GH, increased cholesterol!

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17
Q

GH Deficiency - decreased growth in children is growth ___. In adults, it can be ___.

A

Growth retardation in children/osteoporosis in adults.

18
Q

What are some concerns with GH deficiency in an adult?

A

Decreased bone density, weakness, lethargy, decreased fat metabolism, decreased triglyceride uptake.

19
Q

With GH Excess, why don’t adults grow taller?

A

Their bone plates have fused- so they can’t just add more bone on!

20
Q

What is gigantism?

A

GH Hypersecretion that begins BEFORE puberty. This includes rapid, proportional growth because the bone lines haven’t fused.

21
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

This is GH hypersecretion AFTER puberty. SO this includes increased skeletal thickness but not growing to look like you’re Hagrid’s brother.

22
Q

What are some physical assessments for Gh Excess?

A

Physical changes, energy and strength, pain (bone/joint ?), mobility, symptoms associated with it, etc.

23
Q

To test GH levels, we would give Insulin - if GH’s normal, you’re okay. If not…

A

Then you have a problem!

24
Q

What are some patient considerations for GH excess?

A

Self esteem problems, body image, role function, financial stress and relationship issues.

25
Q

Deficiency of the gonadotropins alter sexual function in just men. T/F?

A

FALSE - in BOTH men and women.

26
Q

LH Deficiency - triggers what/stimulates production of what?

A

Ovulation/stimulates production of testosterone.

27
Q

What happens in men with LH deficiency?

A

Loss of secondary sex characteristics (like loss of body hair, etc), decreased libido, infertility, testicular atrophy, etc.)

28
Q

What happens in women with LH deficiency?

A

Ovarian failure, amenorrhea, infertility.

29
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates follicular development in ovaries, stimulates sperm production/influences fertility.

30
Q

What happens with FSH deficiency?

A

Infertility.

31
Q

What happens with LH/FSH excess? Is it rare?

A

It is very rare - it stimulates menopausal state in women.

32
Q

What are some physical assessments with LH/FSH excess?

A

Secondary sex characteristics, reproductive issues, menses (women), libido problems, dysparuenia (painful intercourse for the ladies).

33
Q

Prolactin - what does it do?

A

Milk production in females, suppresses secretion of LH and FSH levels, and may play a role of myelinization of axons in CNS.

34
Q

What happens with prolactin excess?

A

In relation to LH/FSH suppression - ED, Hypogonadism, decreased libido, amenorrhea.

35
Q

What is the most common cause of hyper secretion?

A

Tumor in the pituitary gland. Causes excess prolactin.

36
Q

What happens with prolactin deficiency?

A

Reduced or absent milk supply - which may have emotional implications.

37
Q

What does hypopituitarism?

A

Causes hormone deficiency - so we need to focus on Hormone Replacement.

38
Q

How do we treat hyperpituitarism?

A

Surgery - Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy - it’s where they stick a “stick” through the nose and cut the tumor out.

39
Q

What are some drugs for Hyperpituitarism?

A

Dopamine Agonists/Somatostatin analogs, Radiation Therapy

40
Q

What is Sheehan’s Syndrome?

A

Hypopituitarism post-pardum.