Pituitary Glands - Anterior/Posterior - Unit 1

Question 1

The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that influence….

Answer 1

Growth and Metabolism, Sexual Development, Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 2

What are the hormones secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 2

Growth Hormone, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Porlactin, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone.

Question 3

Growth Hormone - activity?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - activity?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - activities?
Prolactin - activity?
Luteinizing Hormone - Activity?
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone - Activity?
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone - Activities?

Answer 3

Growth Hormone - Growth.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Metabolism.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - Metabolism/F & E
Prolactin - Sexual Function
Luteinizing Hormone - Sexual Function
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone - Sexual Function
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone - Pigmentation, circadian rhythm.

Question 4

Primary Pituitary Dysfunction - problem with…

Answer 4

The actual gland.

Question 5

Secondary Pituitary Dysfunction - problem with…

Answer 5

hypothalamus.

Question 6

What are some causes of hypopituitarism?

Answer 6

Tumors, severe malnutrition, head trauma, infection, surgery, aids, hypovolemic shock, etc.

Question 7

Sheehan’s Syndrome - lots of blood loss during…

Answer 7

childbirth.

Question 8

What can cause hyperpituitarism?

Answer 8

Adenomas (produces too much), and Hyperplasia (too much growth)

Question 9

Growth Hormone directly affects tissue and cell growth - T/F?

Answer 9

False! It does not!

Question 10

GH stimulates the liver to produce ____ which enhance growth activities of tissues and cells.

Answer 10

Somatomedins — IGF1

Question 11

GH –> IGF1 –> Stimulates cell growth. T/F?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Gh, Insulin and Grehlin control blood glucose levels and hunger. T/F?

Answer 12

True!

Question 13

GH Stimulates Fatty Acid Metabolism and Triglyceride Update and STOPS Carbohydrate and protein metabolism. T/F?

Answer 13

True!

Question 14

In starvation, GH will use __ for food first.

Answer 14

Fat!

Question 15

Low GH - More fat. T/F?

Answer 15

True!

Question 16

Better GH Level, worse cholesterol. T/F?

Answer 16

False - with a better GH level, you’ll have better cholesterol. So Low GH, increased cholesterol!

Question 17

GH Deficiency - decreased growth in children is growth ___. In adults, it can be ___.

Answer 17

Growth retardation in children/osteoporosis in adults.

Question 18

What are some concerns with GH deficiency in an adult?

Answer 18

Decreased bone density, weakness, lethargy, decreased fat metabolism, decreased triglyceride uptake.

Question 19

With GH Excess, why don’t adults grow taller?

Answer 19

Their bone plates have fused- so they can’t just add more bone on!

Question 20

What is gigantism?

Answer 20

GH Hypersecretion that begins BEFORE puberty. This includes rapid, proportional growth because the bone lines haven’t fused.

Question 21

What is acromegaly?

Answer 21

This is GH hypersecretion AFTER puberty. SO this includes increased skeletal thickness but not growing to look like you’re Hagrid’s brother.

Question 22

What are some physical assessments for Gh Excess?

Answer 22

Physical changes, energy and strength, pain (bone/joint ?), mobility, symptoms associated with it, etc.

Question 23

To test GH levels, we would give Insulin - if GH’s normal, you’re okay. If not…

Answer 23

Then you have a problem!

Question 24

What are some patient considerations for GH excess?

Answer 24

Self esteem problems, body image, role function, financial stress and relationship issues.

Question 25

Deficiency of the gonadotropins alter sexual function in just men. T/F?

Answer 25

FALSE - in BOTH men and women.

Question 26

LH Deficiency - triggers what/stimulates production of what?

Answer 26

Ovulation/stimulates production of testosterone.

Question 27

What happens in men with LH deficiency?

Answer 27

Loss of secondary sex characteristics (like loss of body hair, etc), decreased libido, infertility, testicular atrophy, etc.)

Question 28

What happens in women with LH deficiency?

Answer 28

Ovarian failure, amenorrhea, infertility.

Question 29

What does FSH do?

Answer 29

Stimulates follicular development in ovaries, stimulates sperm production/influences fertility.

Question 30

What happens with FSH deficiency?

Answer 30

Infertility.

Question 31

What happens with LH/FSH excess? Is it rare?

Answer 31

It is very rare - it stimulates menopausal state in women.

Question 32

What are some physical assessments with LH/FSH excess?

Answer 32

Secondary sex characteristics, reproductive issues, menses (women), libido problems, dysparuenia (painful intercourse for the ladies).

Question 33

Prolactin - what does it do?

Answer 33

Milk production in females, suppresses secretion of LH and FSH levels, and may play a role of myelinization of axons in CNS.

Question 34

What happens with prolactin excess?

Answer 34

In relation to LH/FSH suppression - ED, Hypogonadism, decreased libido, amenorrhea.

Question 35

What is the most common cause of hyper secretion?

Answer 35

Tumor in the pituitary gland. Causes excess prolactin.

Question 36

What happens with prolactin deficiency?

Answer 36

Reduced or absent milk supply - which may have emotional implications.

Question 37

What does hypopituitarism?

Answer 37

Causes hormone deficiency - so we need to focus on Hormone Replacement.

Question 38

How do we treat hyperpituitarism?

Answer 38

Surgery - Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy - it's where they stick a "stick" through the nose and cut the tumor out.

Question 39

What are some drugs for Hyperpituitarism?

Answer 39

Dopamine Agonists/Somatostatin analogs, Radiation Therapy

Question 40

What is Sheehan's Syndrome?

Answer 40

Hypopituitarism post-pardum.