shock

Question 1

Shock can develop via four different mechanisms:

Answer 1

• Hypovolemic shock due to intravascular volume
• Cardiogenic shock due to cardiac pump failure
• Distributive shock due to maldistribution of intravascular volume
• Obstructive shock due to mechanical obstruction of blood flow in CV system

Question 2

this is the most common type of shock

Answer 2

Hypovolemic shock

Question 3

this type is cause by the heart’s inability to pump the necessary volume

Answer 3

Cardiogenic shock (due to cardiac pump failure)

Question 4

this can be caused by heartworms, a pulmonary embolism, saddle thrombus

Answer 4

Obstructive shock

Question 5

this can be caused by CHF, arrhythmias

Answer 5

Cardiogenic shock

Question 6

which valve is often involved in Cardiogenic shock?

Answer 6

mitral valve (aka bicuspid or left atrioventricular)

Question 7

this type of shock deals with dilated blood vessels - blood pools in vessels and becomes stagnant

Answer 7

Distributive

Question 8

this type of shock can be caused by anaphylaxis or sepsis

Answer 8

distributive (dilated blood vessels)

Question 9

8 clinical signs of shock

Answer 9

• Mentation decreased
• Pale, cold, dry mucous membranes
• Prolonged capillary refill time (CRT)
• Tachycardia
• Decreased pulse strength
• Decrease heart sounds
• Cold skin and extremities
• Weakness

Question 10

to treat shock, you need to first treat what?

Answer 10

the underlying cause

Question 11

these fluid solutions should be administered IV at a rapid rate

Answer 11

Isotonic crystalloid solutions

Question 12

2 examples of fluids that can be admin during shock

Answer 12

• Lactated Ringer’s

- Normosol-R

Question 13

this fluid can be admin in small doses

- example

Answer 13

Hypertonic saline

- 7.5% NaCl

Question 14

this fluid type can be used to maintain blood volume expansion caused by isotonic crystalloid fluid administration

Answer 14

colloids

• Synthetic colloids (hetastarch,dextran70)
• plasma
• whole blood

Question 15

do NOT give IV fluids to those with this type of shock

Answer 15

Cardiogenic shock

Question 16

dopamine and dobutamine are what type of drug?

Answer 16

Sympathomimetic drugs

Question 17

use these types of drugs in patients unresponsive to vigorous fluid therapy

Answer 17

Sympathomimetic drugs (e.g. dopamine and dobutamine)

Question 18

these drugs increase cardiac contractility and blood pressure

Answer 18

Sympathomimetic drugs (e.g. dopamine and dobutamine)

Question 19

the sympathetic nervous system causes (3):

Answer 19

• vasoconstriction
• increased contractility
• increased HR

Question 20

give these drugs as CRIs

Answer 20

Sympathomimetic drugs (e.g. dopamine and dobutamine)

Question 21

you shouldn’t get below __ systolic

Answer 21

80

Question 22

you shouldn’t get blow __ MAP

Answer 22

60

Question 23

3 groups of parameters to monitor for a patient in shock

Answer 23

• physical
• physiologic
• laboratory

Question 24

2 physical parameters to monitor

Answer 24

• respiration

- CV function

Question 25

2 physiologic parameters to monitor

Answer 25

• O2 saturation

- blood pressure

Question 26

4 laboratory parameters to monitor

Answer 26

• hematocrit and total solids – will be high (shock patients are often dehydrated)
• electrolytes
• blood gases
• lactate