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hurtado - Critical Care > LAB fluids > Flashcards

LAB fluids Flashcards

1
Q

5 reasons fluids are used

A
  • Replace hydration deficits
  • Maintain normal hydration
  • Correct hypovolemia
  • Replace electrolytes and nutrients
  • Serve as a vehicle for infusing IV medications
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2
Q

% of dehydration

Mild to moderate decreased skin turgor, possibly sunken eyes, dry oral mucous membranes, slight tachycardia, and normal pulse pressure

A

7

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3
Q

% of dehydration

History of fluid loss but no findings on physical examination

A

<5

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4
Q

% of dehydration

Moderate to marked degree of decreased skin turgor, sunken eyes, dry oral mucous membranes, tachycardia, and decreased pulse pressure.

A

10

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5
Q

% of dehydration

Dry oral mucous membranes but no panting or pathological tachycardia

A

5

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6
Q

% of dehydration

Marked loss of skin turgor, dry oral mucous membranes, and significant signs of shock.

A

12

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7
Q

intracellular fluid accounts for ___ of total body fluid

A

2/3

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8
Q

extracellular fluid accounts for ___ of total body fluid

A

1/3

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9
Q

normal intravascular volume in dogs

A

90 ml/kg

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10
Q

normal intravascular volume in cats

A

45 ml/kg

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11
Q

Maintenance needs or correction of non-life-threatening dehydration should be given via (3)

A
  • oral
  • SQ
  • intraperitoneal
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12
Q

these should be given SQ

A

isotonic fluid solutions

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13
Q

Treatment of hypovolemia should be given via (2)

A
  • IV

- intraosseous

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14
Q

Water-based solutions containing small-molecular weight solutes that can pass freely through vascular endothelium

A

crystalloids

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15
Q

these fluids are similar in composition to extracellular fluid

A

crystalloids

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16
Q

capillary membrane is permeable to these solutions

A

crystalloids

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17
Q

these fluids include electrolytes (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl) dextrose, and alkalinizing agents (acetate, gluconate, lactate)

A

crystalloids

18
Q

these can differ in solute concentration and degree of tonicity (i.e. the osmotic pressure of the solution)

A

crystalloids

19
Q

these types of crystalloid solutions contain solute concentrations similar to those in ECF

A

Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions

20
Q

these types of crystalloid solutions typically contain a number of electrolytes

A

Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions

21
Q

these types of crystalloid solutions have an osmolarity that is similar to the extracellular fluid compartment

A

Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions

22
Q

which type of crystalloid solutions are these examples of?

  • Lactated Ringer’s Solution
  • Plasma-Lyte A and R
  • Normosol-R
A

Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions

23
Q

these types of crystalloid solutions contain lower concentrations of Na+ and Cl-

A

Isotonic, polyionic, MAINTENANCE solutions

24
Q

these types of crystalloid solutions are used for fluid therapy that extends over a long period of time

A

Isotonic, polyionic, MAINTENANCE solutions

25
Q

which type of crystalloid solutions are these examples of?

  • Normosol-M in 5% dextrose
  • Plasma-Lyte 56 in 5% dextrose
A

Isotonic, polyionic, MAINTENANCE solutions

26
Q

this type of crystalloid solution contains only Na+ and Cl- in water

A

Normal saline solution (isotonic)

27
Q

this type of crystalloid solution is an unbalanced solution

A

Normal saline solution (isotonic)

28
Q

this type of crystalloid solution is sometimes used instead of isotonic, polyionic, replacement fluid solutions

A

Normal saline solution (isotonic)

29
Q

this type of crystalloid solution is also known as 0.9% NaCl, physiologic saline

A

Normal saline solution (isotonic)

30
Q

this type of crystalloid solution has a greater osmolarity than extracellular fluid

A

Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)

31
Q

this type of crystalloid solution creates an osmotic gradient that causes rapid movement of water into the vascular space

A

Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)

32
Q

this type of crystalloid solution is used in the treatment of shock

A

Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)

33
Q

which type of crystalloid solutions are these examples of?

  • 3% NaCl
  • 5% NaCl
  • 7.5% NaCl
A

Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)

34
Q

Dextrose be added to water or to another polyionic crystalloid fluid solution to create solutions with dextrose concentrations of __-__%

A

2.5% - 5%

35
Q

this is rapidly metabolized into CO2 and water

A

dextrose

36
Q

Dextrose be added to water or to another ____ fluid solution to create solutions with dextrose concentrations of 2.5 - 5%

A

polyionic crystalloid

37
Q

these are water-based solutions containing large-molecular weight solutes that are not able to pass through vascular endothelium

A

colloids - group

38
Q

these increase osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) in the intravascular space

A

colloids - group

39
Q

these oppose the movement of water from the intravascular space to the extravascular space

A

colloids - group

40
Q

these decrease the volume of crystalloid fluids needed to treat a patient by 40-60%

A

colloids - group

hurtado - Critical Care (41 decks)

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