LAB fluids Flashcards
5 reasons fluids are used
- Replace hydration deficits
- Maintain normal hydration
- Correct hypovolemia
- Replace electrolytes and nutrients
- Serve as a vehicle for infusing IV medications
% of dehydration
Mild to moderate decreased skin turgor, possibly sunken eyes, dry oral mucous membranes, slight tachycardia, and normal pulse pressure
7
% of dehydration
History of fluid loss but no findings on physical examination
<5
% of dehydration
Moderate to marked degree of decreased skin turgor, sunken eyes, dry oral mucous membranes, tachycardia, and decreased pulse pressure.
10
% of dehydration
Dry oral mucous membranes but no panting or pathological tachycardia
5
% of dehydration
Marked loss of skin turgor, dry oral mucous membranes, and significant signs of shock.
12
intracellular fluid accounts for ___ of total body fluid
2/3
extracellular fluid accounts for ___ of total body fluid
1/3
normal intravascular volume in dogs
90 ml/kg
normal intravascular volume in cats
45 ml/kg
Maintenance needs or correction of non-life-threatening dehydration should be given via (3)
- oral
- SQ
- intraperitoneal
these should be given SQ
isotonic fluid solutions
Treatment of hypovolemia should be given via (2)
- IV
- intraosseous
Water-based solutions containing small-molecular weight solutes that can pass freely through vascular endothelium
crystalloids
these fluids are similar in composition to extracellular fluid
crystalloids
capillary membrane is permeable to these solutions
crystalloids
these fluids include electrolytes (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl) dextrose, and alkalinizing agents (acetate, gluconate, lactate)
crystalloids
these can differ in solute concentration and degree of tonicity (i.e. the osmotic pressure of the solution)
crystalloids
these types of crystalloid solutions contain solute concentrations similar to those in ECF
Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions
these types of crystalloid solutions typically contain a number of electrolytes
Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions
these types of crystalloid solutions have an osmolarity that is similar to the extracellular fluid compartment
Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions
which type of crystalloid solutions are these examples of?
- Lactated Ringer’s Solution
- Plasma-Lyte A and R
- Normosol-R
Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions
these types of crystalloid solutions contain lower concentrations of Na+ and Cl-
Isotonic, polyionic, MAINTENANCE solutions
these types of crystalloid solutions are used for fluid therapy that extends over a long period of time
Isotonic, polyionic, MAINTENANCE solutions
which type of crystalloid solutions are these examples of?
- Normosol-M in 5% dextrose
- Plasma-Lyte 56 in 5% dextrose
Isotonic, polyionic, MAINTENANCE solutions
this type of crystalloid solution contains only Na+ and Cl- in water
Normal saline solution (isotonic)
this type of crystalloid solution is an unbalanced solution
Normal saline solution (isotonic)
this type of crystalloid solution is sometimes used instead of isotonic, polyionic, replacement fluid solutions
Normal saline solution (isotonic)
this type of crystalloid solution is also known as 0.9% NaCl, physiologic saline
Normal saline solution (isotonic)
this type of crystalloid solution has a greater osmolarity than extracellular fluid
Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)
this type of crystalloid solution creates an osmotic gradient that causes rapid movement of water into the vascular space
Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)
this type of crystalloid solution is used in the treatment of shock
Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)
which type of crystalloid solutions are these examples of?
- 3% NaCl
- 5% NaCl
- 7.5% NaCl
Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)
Dextrose be added to water or to another polyionic crystalloid fluid solution to create solutions with dextrose concentrations of __-__%
2.5% - 5%
this is rapidly metabolized into CO2 and water
dextrose
Dextrose be added to water or to another ____ fluid solution to create solutions with dextrose concentrations of 2.5 - 5%
polyionic crystalloid
these are water-based solutions containing large-molecular weight solutes that are not able to pass through vascular endothelium
colloids - group
these increase osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) in the intravascular space
colloids - group
these oppose the movement of water from the intravascular space to the extravascular space
colloids - group
these decrease the volume of crystalloid fluids needed to treat a patient by 40-60%
colloids - group
