Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

20005 > shock > Flashcards

shock Flashcards

1
Q

what is perfusion

A

the adequate delivery and removal of gasses, minerals and other nutrients to and from body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what factors ensure correct tissue perfusion

A
  • functioning heart
  • functioning lungs
  • intact vessels
  • adequate blood volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is shock

A

an inadequate tissue perfusion doe to acute circulatory failure leading to cellular hypoxia and inability of the cells to utilise oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are causes of shock

A
  • improper function of the heart
  • inadequate fluid
  • vessel failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what causes improper function of the heart

A
  • blunt chest trauma
  • tamponade
  • drugs
  • electrical function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what causes inadequate fluid

A
  • dehydration
  • burn injuries
  • profuse bleeding
  • excessive environmental temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what causes vessel failure

A
  • neurological dysfunction causing dilation
  • severe allergic reactions
  • massive infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 3 stages of shock

A
  1. compensated
  2. decompensated
  3. irreversible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is compensated shock

A

the body is able to compensate for decreased perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is decompensated shock

A

the body is unable to adequately perfuse its cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the compensatory mechanisms in compensated shock

A
  • increase in HR and contraction
  • increase in RR to increase arterial oxygenation
  • vasoconstriction to improve perfusion to vital organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the SNS response in compensated shock

A
  • increase SNS activity
  • increases Na release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the RAAS response in compensated shock

A
  • increased RAAS
  • increased AgII release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the adrenal response in compensated shock

A
  • increased adrenal response
  • increase Ad and Na release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the pituitary response in compensated shock

A
  • increased pituitary response
  • increase ADH
  • increase vasopressin release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of compensated shock

A
  • normal/ increasing HR
  • tachypnoea
  • normal BP
  • normal pupil
  • clammy
  • pallor
  • nausea/ vomiting
  • thirst
  • restlessness
  • anxiety
  • agitation
  • impending doom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the mechanisms on decompensated shock

A
  • BP and vascular tone decreased
  • dysfunctioning organs
  • anaerobic metabolism = lactic acidosis
  • compensatory mechanisms are no longer available
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock

A
  • rapid, weak, thready pulse
  • shallow laboured breathing
  • decreased BP
  • dilated pupils
  • clammy hands and feet
  • pallor with cyanosis
  • extreme weakness
  • altered mental status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the mechanisms of irreversible shock

A
  • blood shunted from liver, kidney, lung
  • brain and heart perfused
  • metabolic acidosis
  • postcapillary sphincters release stagnant and coagulated blood
  • cell death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock

A
  • bradycardia
  • apnoea
  • profound hypotension
  • fixed and dilated pupil
  • unresponsive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the different types of shock

A
  • hypovolemic
  • distributive
  • obstructive
  • cardiogenic
22
Q

what are the types of hypovolemic shock

A
  • haemorrhagic
  • non-haemorrhagic
23
Q

what are the types of disruptive shock

A
  • septic
  • anaphylactic
  • neurogenic
24
Q

what causes hypovolemic shock

A
  • loss of blood or bodily fluids
  • diminished COP and inadequate O2 delivery
  • causes low cardiac output
25
Q

what causes haemorrhagic shock

A
  • traumatic injuries
  • dissected aortic aneurysm
  • ectopic pregnancy
  • GI bleeding
26
Q

what are the results of haemorrhagic shock

A

O2 carrying capacity diminished as RBCs are depleted

27
Q

what are causes of non-haemorrhagic shock

A
  • vomiting
  • diarrhoea
  • significant burns
28
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock

A
  • increased RR
  • tachycardia
  • weak thready pulse
  • hypotension
  • cool clammy skin
  • thirst
  • oliguria
  • mental status deterioration
29
Q

what is obstructive shock

A

when blood flow in the great vessels or heart is occluded

30
Q

what are the causes of obstructive shock

A
  • acute pericardial tamponade
  • massive pulmonary embolus
  • tension pneumothroax
31
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of obstructive shock

A
  • tachypnoea
  • tachycardia
  • shortness of breath
  • hypotension
  • cyanosis
  • anxiety
32
Q

what is disruptive shock

A

inadequate volume of blood to fill vascular space due to an increased vascular capacity
- capillary leakage into extravascular and interstitial spaces

33
Q

what are the cardiac effects of disruptive shock

A
  • decreased PVR
  • decreased preload
  • decreased COP
34
Q

what is septic shock

A
  • an infection causing sepsis
  • multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
  • massive systemic inflammatory response to infection
35
Q

what is the pathophysiology of septic shock

A
  1. macrophages
  2. IL, TNFa, NO
  3. SIRS, leading to sepsis
  4. vasodilation, hypertension, tissue inflammation
  5. myocardial depression
  6. multiple organ dysfunction
36
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of septic shock

A
  • tachypnoea
  • tachycardia
  • pyrexial, rigors
  • warm
  • nausea + vomiting
  • high WBC
37
Q

what is anaphylactic shock

A

extreme widespread hypersensitivity reaction

38
Q

what is the pathophysiology of anaphylactic shock

A
  1. antigen and antibodies
  2. histamine, kinins, and PG release
  3. bronchoconstriction, laryngospasm
  4. vasodilation
  5. relative hypovolemia
  6. decreased COP
  7. decreased tissue perfusion
39
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock

A
  • cutaneous manifestations (histamines)
  • respiratory compromise
  • circulatory collapse
  • vomiting, nausea + diarrhoea
40
Q

what is neurogenic shock

A

result of widespread vasodilation from imbalances between parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation

41
Q

what are causes of neurogenic shock

A
  • trauma to spinal cord or medulla
  • drugs
  • severe emotional stress and pain
42
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of neurogenic shock

A
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia
  • pink warm skin
43
Q

what is cardiogenic shock

A

decreased cardiac output and evidence of tissue hypoxia with adequate intravascular volume

44
Q

what are the causes of cardiogenic shock

A
  • MI
  • congestive heart failure
  • dysrhythmias
  • acute valvular dysfunction
  • cardiac tamponade
  • drug toxicity
45
Q

what is the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock

A
  1. decreased cardiac output
  2. compensatory RAAS and catecholamine
  3. increased SVR and increase blood volume
  4. increase preload, stroke volume, HR
  5. increase myocardial O2 needs
  6. decrease cardiac output and ejection fraction
  7. decrease tissue perfusion
  8. impaired cellular metabolism
  9. myocardial dysfunction
46
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock

A
  • increased RR
  • crackles, pulmonary oedema
  • bradycardic
  • weak thready pulse
  • chest pain
  • SOB
  • MAP <70
47
Q

what are some complications of shock

A
  • acute renal failure
  • acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • hepatic dysfunction
  • coagulopathies
  • multiple organ dysfunction
48
Q

what cause acute renal failure in shock

A

lack of perfusion so insufficient oxygenation

49
Q

what causes acute respiratory distress syndrome in shock

A
  • increased capillary permeability
  • fluids build up in alveoli
  • impaired ventilation and inadequate oxygenation
50
Q

what cause hepatic dysfunction in shock

A

ischemic liver from high liver transaminases and serum bilirubin

51
Q

what causes coagulopathies in shock

A
  • overstimulation of clotting cascade
  • clotting and bleeding occur simultaneously
  • clots clog blood vessels and cut off supply
  • clotting factors are exhausted, increasing bleeding
52
Q

what causes multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in shock

A
  • combined failure of 2 or more organs
  • mainly seen in septic shock

20005 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions