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20005 > science of body sounds > Flashcards

science of body sounds Flashcards

1
Q

how do we perceive sound

A
  • through different pressure waves
  • amplitude and frequency
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2
Q

what does the tympanic membrane do

A
  • is the signal transduction pathway and vibrates
  • needs air movement to change into action potential in the nerves
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3
Q

what do the cochlea and semi-circular canal do

A

fluid filled with an oval window that vibrates to move the fluid inside

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4
Q

what is the eustachian tube

A

tube connecting your ear and nasopharynx and affects the pressure in the scala tympani when blocked

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5
Q

how does hearing work in the organ of corti

A
  1. scala vestibuli become the cochlea window where vibrations enter
  2. pressure builds up creating budling
  3. is a high pressure system changing dynamics of other membranes
  4. bulging causes tectorial membrane to move across basal membrane attached to the low pressure canal
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6
Q

features of hair cells

A
  • touch the tectorial membrane, embedded in basilar membrane
  • cations
  • calcium and potassium found in the fluid
  • are mechanically sensitive
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7
Q

how do the hair cells work

A
  1. when the hair cells bend towards the kinocillum the channels open
  2. causes influx of ca and K
  3. cations enter there is depolarisation of membrane potential
  4. hair cells release neurotransmitter
  5. primary afferent nerves fire in response to sound
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8
Q

where is sound information recieved

A

in the auditory cortex

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9
Q

how do we process words

A

venicers area processes language in the parietal lobe by secondary auditory area

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10
Q

how do we process sounds

A

cortical processing area makes sense of sounds and tones - in the secondary auditory cortex

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11
Q

where do we process decision

A

in the frontal lobe deciding to pay attention to the sounds or not

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12
Q

where do we process a response

A

in the brochasarea

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13
Q

how do we hear body sounds

A
  1. stethoscope in ear
  2. vibration in the ear
  3. pressure fluctuation in the cochlea canal
  4. hair cells move, ions enter causing depolarisation
  5. action potential, nerve signal sent to brain
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14
Q

what do you hear with the bell of the stethescope

A

high frequency sounds

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15
Q

what do you hear with the diaphragm of the stethoscope

A

low frequency sounds

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16
Q

what causes amplification from a stethescope

A

constricting pressure of the tube

17
Q

what causes vibrations in the body

A
  • opening and closing heart valves
  • peristalsis or other contractions
  • alveoli snapping open
  • membranes rubbing against each other
  • turbulent flow
18
Q

what is laminar flow

A

clear flow as there are no vibrations detected

19
Q

what causes turbulent flow

A
  • air flow constriction eg asthma
  • air flow obstruction eg obstructed airway
  • blood flow constriction eg karotkoff
  • blood flow obstruction eg atherosclerosis
20
Q

what are examples of abnormal lung sounds

A
  • wheezes
  • crackles (collapsed alveoli snapping open)
  • stridor
  • pleural friction rub
  • silence
21
Q

what are examples of abnormal cardiovascular sounds

A
  • murmurs (stenosis and regurgitation)
  • bruit
22
Q

what are some abnormal bowel sounds

A
  • hyperactive
  • hypoactive
23
Q

what are phase I of Korotkoff sounds

A
  • faint, repetitive, clear tapping sounds
  • increase in intensity for 2 consecutive beats = systolic BP
24
Q

what are phase V Korotkoff sounds

A

all sounds disappears = diastolic

25
Q

what causes murmurs

A
  • turbulent flow coming from valves not working
  • not closing causes backflow or changes in opening and closing times
26
Q

what causes pericardial friction rub

A

when the parietal and visceral pericardium rub together and don’t rub smoothly together with fluid

27
Q

what causes bruit

A
  • turbulent flow from an obstruction in the vessels
  • high rate of flow (usually systole)
  • high pitcher
28
Q

what causes bowel sounds

A
  • differing types of contraction
  • irregular noises
  • need to consider frequency and presence
  • can be bubbling, rumbling, gurgling, clicking or silence)
29
Q

sounds/ changes in sound produced from trauma injuries

A
  • sucking chest wounds
  • cracking ribs
  • pneumothorax and haemothorax

20005 (29 decks)

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