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AMLS > Shock > Flashcards

Shock Flashcards

1
Q

________ is a progressive state of cellular hypo perfusion in which sufficient oxygen is available to meet tissue demands.

A

Shock

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2
Q

A complete heartbeat is called a _________________.

A

cardiac cycle

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3
Q

The hearts contractility allows it to increase or decrease the volume of blood it pumps with each contraction, also known as the _________________.

A

stroke volume

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4
Q

______________ is the volume of blood the heart can pump per minute and it dependent on several factors.

A

Cardiac Output

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5
Q

The ____________ is the initial stretching of the cardiac muscles prior to contraction.

A

preload

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6
Q

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps is known as _____________.

A

afterload

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7
Q

Cardiac Output Equation

A

Stroke Volume x HR

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8
Q

Because the residual pressure is lower int he venous system, _____________ are necessary to prevent the back flow of blood.

A

valves

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9
Q

____________ help defend the body against infection by bacteria, fungi and other pathogens.

A

White Blood Cells

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10
Q

_________ initiate the process of clotting.

A

Platelets

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11
Q

_____________ perform various functions involving blood clotting, immunity, wound healing and transport.

A

Proteins

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12
Q

_____________ control organ system function, regulate growth and development, and perform other vital functions.

A

Hormones

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13
Q

__________ fuel cells so they can function properly.

A

Nutrients

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14
Q

_________ carries the solid components in blood

A

Plasma

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15
Q

__________________ is generally considered to be the Patient’s most important measure of blood pressure and takes into consideration the systolic blood pressure as well as the diastolic blood pressure.

A

Mean Arterial Pressure

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16
Q

The MAP generally needs to be greater than ______ mmHg to ensure the brain, coronary arteries, and kidneys remain perfused.

A

60

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17
Q

The ________________ are some of the first cellular components to be affected by shock.

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

The _____________ on top of the kidneys, release epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to shock.

A

Adrenal Glands

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19
Q

The ______________ releases antidiuretic hormone in response to shock.

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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20
Q

The stage of shock where blood pressure is no longer maintained is called ________________ shock.

A

decompensated

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21
Q

__________ red blood in the stools indicates active bleeding from the lower GI track.

A

Bright

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22
Q

________ red or black stool, called melena is usually due to upper GI Bleeding.

A

Dark

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23
Q

______________ is the result of massive systemic inflammatory response to infection by gram-negative or gram-positive aerobes, anaerobes, fungi or viruses.

A

Septic Shock

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24
Q

An antibody-antigen hypersensitivity response is the primary cause of _________________.

A

anaphylactic shock

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25
Q

_______________ is a rare form of distributive shock.

A

Neurogenic shock

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26
Q

________________ occurs when the heart is unable to circulate sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body.

A

Cardiogenic shock

27
Q

_____________ occurs when an obstruction to the forward flow of blood exists in the great vessels or heart.

A

Obstructive Shock

28
Q

The most immediately treatable cause of obstructive shock is _______________________.

A

tension pneumothorax

29
Q

__________________ disease is a genetically inherited autosomal recessive disorder of red blood cells.

A

Sickle Cell Disease

30
Q

__________________ occurs when the body has an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood.

A

Thrombocytopenia

31
Q

_________ is usually expressed as liters per minute.

A

Cardiac Output

32
Q

Neural and endocrine mechanisms also influence stroke volume through __________________.

A

neurotransmitters

33
Q

It is important to note that as cardiac contractility increases, ______________ demand of the heart increases as well.

A

oxygen

34
Q

The vascular system is a conduit for moving ______________ throughout the body.

A

blood

35
Q

______________, one of the primary waste products of metabolism, is principally dissolved in the plasma and must be eliminated quickly.

A

Carbon Dioxide

36
Q

______________ is the pressure the blood exerts against the walls of the artery.

A

Blood pressure

37
Q

_____________ originates at the cellular level.

A

Shock

38
Q

Most of the oxygen in the body is consumed by the _________________, which produce 95% of the aerobic energy used by every body system.

A

mitochondria

39
Q

During the ___________ phase of shock, blood pressure is maintained.

A

Compensated

40
Q

In the compensate phase, blood loss in hemorrhagic shock can be estimated at ___________% at this point.

A

15 - 30

41
Q

________________ shock occurs when blood volume drops by more than 30%.

A

Decompensated

42
Q

The last phase of shock is ______________________.

A

irreversible shock

43
Q

During a blood transfusion or shortly thereafter, fever may develop (called ________________ reaction); its usually responsive to antipyretics.

A

pyrogenic

44
Q

Spinal Cord Injury, usually at the 6th thoracic vertebra or higher, often leads to __________________.

A

neurogenic shock

45
Q

Because reduced blood flow to the kidney is common in shock, _________________ is common.

A

renal failure

46
Q

_________ a progressive condition characterized by combined failure of two or more organs or organ systems that were initially unharmed by the acute disorder or injury that caused the patient’s initial illness.

A

MODS

47
Q

Sepsis and Septic Shock are the most common causes of ___________.

A

MODS

48
Q

Systole and diastole in all four chambers, atria and ventricles, are components of the ________________.

A

cardiac cycle

49
Q

Precontraction pressure in the heart is called ___________.

A

preload

50
Q

The cardiac output of a healthy adult male varies from ___________ L/min.

A

3 - 8

51
Q

The stroke volume of a healthy adult is typically about __________ mL.

A

70

52
Q

___________ are responsible for much of the blood’s viscosity.

A

RBC’s

53
Q

The pulse pressure is normally about _________ mmHg.

A

40

54
Q

ADH is also called _______________.

A

vasopressin

55
Q

________________ secretion also creates the sensation of thirst, one of the early signs of shock.

A

Aldosterone

56
Q

A weak, thready pulse is an indicator for _______________.

A

hypoperfusion

57
Q

A bounding pulse suggests _______________ perfusion.

A

adequate

58
Q

Hypothermia reduces the ability of the blood to _________.

A

clot

59
Q

________________ is an important metric because it indicates renal perfusion status.

A

Urine Output

60
Q

Monitoring the patient’s ________________ is a standard of care during blood administration.

A

temperature

61
Q

The most common trigger of Anaphylaxis is the sting of an insect belonging to the __________________ species.

A

Hymenoptera

62
Q

____________________ is a marked weakening or disappearance of a pulse during inspiration - may occur with cardiac tamponade or tension pneumothorax.

A

Pulsus Paradoxus

63
Q

________________ is a bleeding disorder occurring when there is a deficiency in clotting factors, or proteins in the blood that work with platelets to promote clotting.

A

Hemophilia

AMLS (12 decks)

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