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amls > Cardiovascular Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is made of specialized muscle tissue called _____________.

A

myocardium

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2
Q

The patient’s ___________________ is an excellent indicator of the adequacy of cerebral perfusion.

A

level of consciousness

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3
Q

A _______________ occurs when the palpated radial pulse is less than the apical pulse rate

A

pulse deficit

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4
Q

A ________________ is an excessive drop in systolic blood pressure with each inspired breath.

A

pulses paradoxus

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5
Q

________________ occurs when the pulse alternates between strong and weak beats and typically is representative of left ventricular systolic damage.

A

pulses alternans

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6
Q

Myocardial infarction is typically confirmed using proteins/enzymes specific to the heart called _________________.

A

troponins

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7
Q

___________________is a life-threatening cause of chest pain, resulting from a progressive deterioration and worsening of a simple pneumothorax.

A

Tension pneumothorax

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8
Q

__________________ occurs when fluid accumulates inside the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.

A

Pericardial tamponade

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9
Q

____________ sign is an increase in jugular venous distention during inspiration.

A

Kussmaul’s

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10
Q

________________ is a group of conditions that involve decreased blood flow to the heart muscle.

A

Acute Coronary Syndrome

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11
Q

___________ angina pain usually comes on with exercise or stress and lasts 3-5 minutes, sometimes up to 15 minutes.

A

Stable

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12
Q

A coronary spasm is also known as variant angina or ____________.

A

Prinzmetal Angina

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13
Q

_______________ is an inflammation of the pericardium or pericardial sac.

A

Pericarditiis

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14
Q

A ____________________ tear in the esophagus usually follows forceful vomiting.

A

Mallory-Weiss

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15
Q

___________________ is the most common heart valve abnormality, affecting 5-10% of the world population.

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

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16
Q

The scientific and clinical definition of ________ is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

A

pain

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17
Q

___________________ is an acute episode of shortness of breath in which the Patent suddenly awakens from sleep with a feeling of suffocation

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dypsnea

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18
Q

____________________ is the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronary blockages and also provided the best means of treatment.

A

Coronary catheterization

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19
Q

Up to one-third of individuals with a ____________________ will die.

A

pulmonary embolism

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20
Q

Large clots may occlude large pulmonary vessels, the most dramatic being a _____________________ that spans the pulmonary arteries as they leave the heart.

A

saddle embolus

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21
Q

If there is hypoxia and no apparent physiological explanation, a _______________ must be considered.

A

pulmonary embolism

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22
Q

________________ is the most underlying cause of CHF.

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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23
Q

The classic signs and symptoms of pericardial tamponade is Beck’s Triad:

A

Hypotension

Distended Jugular Veins

Muffled Heart Tones

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24
Q

____________ is when the pulse decreases in size or is non palpable during inhalation.

A

Pulsus Paradoxus

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25
Q

When atherosclerosis occurs within the coronary arteries, it is referred to as _________________.

A

Coronary Artery Disease

26
Q

__________________ is caused by a clot or thrombus that forms in a narrowed coronary artery where the plaque has ruptured, causing platelets to aggregate and a clot to form.

A

myocardial infarction

27
Q

Prolonged chest discomfort that continues at rest or chest discomfort that awakens the patient at night are features of __________________.

A

unstable angina

28
Q

A ____________________ is a sudden narrowing of a coronary artery that deprives the heart muscle of blood and oxygen

A

coronary spasm

29
Q

The classic pain of ______________ is improved by leaning forward and worse with lying back, presumably because the heart hangs in the chest and touches the posterior thorax when supine.

A

pericarditis

30
Q

________________- occurs when heart muscle myocytes are injured by various causes, and the heart remodels itself to accommodate, with hypertrophy or thickening of the muscle.

A

Cardiomyopathy

31
Q

__________________ refers to any inflammation of lung tissue and may be caused by a variety of conditions to include pneumonia, bronchitis, and aspiration.

A

Pneumonitis

32
Q

_________________ is the term most used to refer to painful respiration and should alert you to conduct a thorough assessment to find the cause of the pain.

A

Pleurisy

33
Q

A _____________________ should be high on your list of suspected diagnoses when assessing a pregnant patient.

A

pulmonary embolism

34
Q

The hearts smooth inner surface is called the _____________.

A

endocardium

35
Q

The hearts outer layer is called the ___________.

A

epicardium

36
Q

The __________ is a fibrous sac around the heart that provides an extra measure of protection.

A

pericardium

37
Q

The _____________ have somatic sensory innervation and thereby a patient may feel “sharp” pain/somatic pain

A

plurae

38
Q

Examine the extremities for edema and examine the back for sacral edema; these may be signs of _______-sided heart failure

A

right

39
Q

________________ can demonstrate the presence of functional ischemia.

A

Cardiac Stress Testing

40
Q

Pain with exertion is usually indicative of _________.

A

ACS

41
Q

____________ chest wall pain is usually not cardiac in nature.

A

Peripheral

42
Q

Pain that begins suddenly and is described as being worst at the onset is many times an ____________________.

A

aortic dissection

43
Q

________________ refers to air in the pleural cavity.

A

Pneumothorax

44
Q

A simple pneumothorax may occur spontaneously in patients with connective tissue diseases such as __________________.

A

Marfan Syndrome

45
Q

Remember _____________ triad: hyper coagulability, venous stasis and endothelial injury; these are the factors that increase risk of DVT’s

A

Virchow’s

46
Q

About _______ of patients with PE will have tachycardia.

A

50%

47
Q

With a saddle embolus, cardiac arrest will usually present with ______________.

A

PEA

48
Q

Auscultation of the heart sounds may pick up ______________ Sign, in which a crunching sound is heard during systole.

A

Hamman’s

49
Q

The ___________ is the smooth inner lining of the Aorta.

A

intima

50
Q

The ____________ is made up of smooth muscle and some elastic tissue.

(Aortic Lining)

A

media

51
Q

The outer, fibrous layer is the _______________ and provides a containing layer to withstand the forces exerted on the vessel.

A

adventitia

52
Q

Comparison of blood pressure in the right and left arm can indicate _____________ injury.

A

aortic branch

53
Q

With cardiac tamponade, another diagnostic sign on a 12-Lead is ______________.

A

electrical alternans

54
Q

The risk of heart attack in smokers is more than ________ that of nonsmokers.

A

twice

55
Q

Patients will sometimes develop a form of pericarditis after MI or cardiac surgery known as _________________.

A

Dressler syndrome

56
Q

In __________________, the pain is sharp and colicky and often follows ingestion of a greasy meal.

A

cholescystitis

57
Q

_________________ is an acute inflammation of the pancreas and may be caused by high blood triglycerides, gall stones, excessive alcohol use, or a host of other drugs.

A

Pancreatitis

58
Q

_________________ is the leading indication for heart transplantation.

A

Cardiomyopathy

59
Q

______________ is the only rash that follows a dermatome and is limited to one side of the body.

A

Herpes Zoster

60
Q

Productive cough and difficulty breathing are the most common symptoms of ___________________.

A

pneumonitis

61
Q

______________ is the leading cause of death in men and women in the US.

A

Heart Disease

amls (12 decks)

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