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AMLS > Abdominal Disorders > Flashcards

Abdominal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

The process of digestion starts with _________________.

A

mastication

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2
Q

When stretched out, the small intestine is about ______ feet long.

A

22

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3
Q

The _____________, ____________ and _____________ are the three sections of the small intestine.

A

duodenum

jejunum

ilium

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4
Q

The duodenum is ______ foot long.

A

one

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5
Q

The jejunum is about ______ feet long and is responsible for most of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients.

A

8

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6
Q

The final section of the bowel is the ileum and it is ________ feet.

A

13

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7
Q

The _______ is the largest reservoir of blood in the body, even a small laceration to the liver can cause extensive blood loss.

A

liver

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8
Q

Food progresses through the GI tract by a process called ____________.

A

motility

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9
Q

_____________ pain occurs when the walls of the hollow organs are stretched, thereby activating the stretch receptors.

A

Visceral

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10
Q

_____________ pain is caused by an irritation of the nerve fibers in the parietal peritoneum or other deep tissues, such as those of the musculoskeletal system.

A

Somatic (Parietal)

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11
Q

When pain emanates from a site other than its origin, it is said to be ________________ pain.

A

referred

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12
Q

______________ affects about 5 million people in the US and its the most common cause of GI bleeding, representing about 60% of cases.

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

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13
Q

________________ are dilated veins as a result of mounting pressure damaging the vessels walls and weakening the venous structure.

A

Esophogeal and Gastric Varices

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14
Q

_________________ is a rupture of the esophagus as a consequence of hyperemesis gravidarium, childbirth, violent coughing, seizures, status asthmaticus, weight lifting, certain neurologic disorders, or explosive vomiting after an excessive intake of food and drink.

A

Boerhaave’s Syndrome

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15
Q

________________ is an inflammatory process in which premature activation of pancreatic enzymes cause the pancreas to begin to digest itself, resulting in pain and necrosis s the inflammation spreads.

A

acute pancreatitis

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16
Q

______________, also called delayed gastric emptying, is a medical condition consisting of paresis (partial paralysis) of the stomach, resulting in food remaining in the stomach for an abnormally long time.

A

Gastroparesis

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17
Q

____________ is typically caused by an infection or the buildup of fluid in the appendix.

A

Appendicitis

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18
Q

_______________ is caused by an occlusion of the mesenteric arty or vein.

A

Mesenteric Ischemia

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19
Q

Gastric _______________, a condition in which the stomach rotates more than 180 degrees, is a rare event that has been documented in only 400 cases in the US.

A

volvulus

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20
Q

_________________ occurs when a portion of the bowel telescopes into an adjacent portion of the intestine, thereby occluding passage of intestinal contents and diminishing blood flow to the area.

A

Intussception

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21
Q

The presence of excessive ______________ in the bloodstream, which gives the skin, mucous membranes and eyes a distinct yellow color, is called jaundice.

A

Bilirubin

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22
Q

_______________ simply means inflammation of the liver.

A

Hepatitis

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23
Q

____________ is typically spread from person to person through the fecal-oral route.

A

Hepatitis A

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24
Q

___________ is most prevalent in blood, wound discharge, and semen and vaginal fluid, but can be found in most bodily secretions, including saliva, stools, tears and urine.

A

Hepatitis B

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25
Q

________________ has a prevalence of about 3 million persons in the US and is linked to blood transfusions, unsafe needle sharing practices, and accidental exposure of healthcare workers to the blood of infected patients.

A

Hepatitis C

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26
Q

_____________ sets in when hepatitis progresses to hepatic necrosis.

A

Fulminant hepatic failure

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27
Q

_______________ remains one of the most often cited reasons for seeking medical care.

A

Abdominal Pain

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28
Q

When empty, the stomach has numerous folds, or _________, allowing it to expand and accommodate 1-1.5 L of food and fluid

A

rugae

29
Q

The __________ performs more than 200 functions in the body.

A

liver

30
Q

The _________________ is a pear shaped organ housed just below the liver.

A

gallbladder

31
Q

The _____________ nerve, part of the parasympathetic nervous system, innervates the GI tract to the level of the transverse colon.

A

vagus

32
Q

The vagus nerve has a secretory function and helps stimulate _______________.

A

vomiting

33
Q

The _____________________ is the primary site for absorption of fluid and nutrients.

A

small intestine

34
Q

The ___________________ is the primary site of absorption of water and salts.

A

large intestine

35
Q

___________ sign is when pain from a ruptured spleen is referred to the tip of the left shoulder.

A

Kehr’s

36
Q

__________________ before palpating, as palpating the abdomen before listening to it can alter findings by artificially increasing bowel sounds.

A

Auscultate

37
Q

It is important the patient is _____________ during palpation, because abdominal rigidity and guarding caused by anxiety can make findings less reliable

A

relaxed

38
Q

___________________ has been found to the cause of 60-70% of peptic ulcers over the past decade.

A

Helicobacter pylori

39
Q

_____________ in peptic ulcer disease can be severe.

A

Bleeding

40
Q

____________ occur when blood flow through the liver is restricted (portal hypertension)

A

varices

41
Q

_____________ sign is a blue discoloration around the umbilicus.

A

Cullen’s

42
Q

_______________ sign is a blue discoloration around the flanks.

A

Grey Turner’s

43
Q

______________ has been named as the most common cause of gastroparesis.

A

Diabetes

44
Q

___________________- is an emergent event in which stool, a foreign body, or a mechanical process obstructs passage of intestinal contents.

A

Intestinal Obstruction

45
Q

_____________________, the second leading cause of illness in the US, is characterized by watery stools, diarrhea, and vomiting.

A

Acute Gastroenteritis

46
Q

The ________________ is responsible for most cases of acute gastroenteritis in adults.

A

norovirus

47
Q

_________________ overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver injury.

A

Acetaminophen

48
Q

__________________ is an enlargement of part of the aorta caused by a weakness in the vascular wall.

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

49
Q

________________ syndrome is an extremely rare vascular disorder resulting from occlusion of the major hepatic veins or inferior vena cava.

A

Budd-Chiari

50
Q

______________________ the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, is responsible for approximately 30% of all cases of bleeding during the second half of pregnancy.

A

Placenta Abruptio

51
Q

________________, which occurs in 6-8% of pregnancies, is characterized by hypertension nd protein in the urine.

A

Preeclampsia

52
Q

______________ is implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterus.

A

Ectopic Pregnancy

53
Q

_________________ is a bacterial infection of the kidneys.

A

Pyelonephritis

54
Q

_______________ is the permanent loss of kidney function.

A

Chronic Kidney Disease

55
Q

_____________ is defined as having a body mass index of 40 or higher.

A

Morbid Obesity

56
Q

The speed at which the stomach empties its contents into the lower digestive tract is known as the _________________________.

A

rate of gastric emptying

57
Q

The duodenum receives the semifluid, partially digested stomach contents, or _____________, as well as exocrine secretions from the liver and pancreas.

A

chyme

58
Q

____________’s primary function is to assist in digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

A

Bile

59
Q

______________ is the process of breaking down food into components to be used for nutrition for the body at the cellular level.

A

Digestion

60
Q

A structured, coordinated muscular response known as ________________- is required for the process of digestion to be successful.

A

peristalsis

61
Q

The ____________ nerve stimulates the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal.

A

pelvic

62
Q

As the patients blood volume begins to drop, the body compensates by releasing ________________.

A

catecholamines

63
Q

Pain when the pressure is released, known as __________________ is a classic sign of peritoneal irritation.

A

rebound tenderness

64
Q

___________________ most often associated with chronic excessive alcohol use, is the most common cause of increasing varices.

A

portal hypertension

65
Q

_________________ is frequently caused by autonomic neuropathy.

A

Gastroparesis

66
Q

Patients with ______________ have pain localized to the right lower quadrant or right lower back.

A

appendicitis

67
Q

Other signs and symptoms include fever, nausea and vomiting, and a positive ___________ sign, which is quite specific to appendicitis.

A

psoas

68
Q

_________________ is a specific form of liver disease that presents with elevated ammonia levels and altered mental status.

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

69
Q

_________________ is the inflammation of the bile ducts.

A

Cholangitis

AMLS (12 decks)

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