Shellfish Flashcards
What is shellfish poisoning caused by?
eating shellfish that has accumulated toxins through marine algae
What are the five types of shellfish poisoning?
Paralytic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning and azaspiracid poisoning
What is the most common cause of shellfish poisoning?
mussels
What algal bloom is most associated with shellfish poisoning and what organism causes it?
Red tide-korenia brevis
What is the toxin associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning?
Saxitoxin
What is saxitoxin’s MOA?
guanidium groups of toxin binds with carboxyl groups of sodium channels on neurons and muscle cells blocking transmission
Where does PSP occur?
Worldwide
What is the most dangerous toxin of the shellfish poisonings?
saxitoxin
What is the lethal dose of saxitoxin
0.3-1mg
What are the symptoms of PSP?
muscle weakness, lip parestheia, nausea and vomiting
respiratory problems, facial paralysis, loss of gag reflex
dilated pupils, deep dystonia, hypotension and cardiac arrest
What is the toxin responsible for causing NSP and what are its properties?
Brevetoxin, lipophilic
Where is brevetoxin most commonly found?
Florida
What is brevetoxins MOA?
binds voltage gated Na gates and holds them open, can also pass into BBB
What is the onset of symptoms of brevetoxin?
minutes-18hrs, often 3-4
What are the symptoms that tell you it is NSP?
vomiting, diarrhea, paresthesia, vertigo, dizziness, ataxia, reversal of hot and cold temperature sensations, slurred speech (GI+neuro). not lethal
What is the toxin responsible for DSP, what are its properties and where is it found?
Okadaic acid, lipid soluble, heat stable and found in temperate regions
What is Okadaic’s acid MOA?
Inhibits protein phosphatase 1 and 2 in small intestine and liver
What is the onset of symptoms to okadaic poisoning?
30mins-2hrs
What are the symptoms associated with DSP?
Diarrhea, abdominal pain and vomiting
What is the toxin responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning and what are its properties?
domoic acid, water soluble and heat stable
What is domoic acid’s MOA?
binds glutamate receptors leading to an influx of calcium and constant excitation
What are the symptoms associated with ASP?
GI, then headache, confusion, disorientation, seizures, coma and short term memory loss that may be permanent
What are the onset of symptoms for ASP?
GI-24hrs
Neuro-48hrs
What is the toxin responsible for Azaspiracid Poisoning and what is its MOA?
Azaspiracid interacts with ion channels at nerve cells
