Fish

Question 1

What are the three groups of fish that are poisonous when ingested?

Answer 1

Sarcotoxic, ootoxic, hemotoxic

Question 2

What toxins are produced by the sarcotoxic fishes?

Answer 2

ciguatoxin, tetrodotoxin and scombroid toxin

Question 3

What is the MOA of ciguatoxin?

Answer 3

disrupt voltage gated Na+ ion channels

Question 4

What are the symptoms of ciguatoxin poisoning?

Answer 4

CV arrhythmia, paresthesia, toothache, pain urinating, blurred vision-can be lethal

Question 5

What are some ways ciguatoxin can be transmitted?

Answer 5

Semen and breast milk, food chain

Question 6

How is ciguatoxin poisoning treated?

Answer 6

mannitol ot gabapentin

Question 7

What genus produces ciguatoxin?

Answer 7

dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus

Question 8

Where is the ciguatoxin commonly found?

Answer 8

tropical and sub tropical marine fishes

Question 9

What organisms contain these toxins?

Answer 9

Spanish mackrel, barracuda, black fin red snapper, coral groupers

Question 10

What are the toxins in the family of cigautoxins?

Answer 10

brevetoxins, maitotoxin, okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin

Question 11

What organisms produce Maitotoxin?

Answer 11

Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa spp.

Question 12

What is the MOA of maitotoxin?

Answer 12

disrupts calcium channels

Question 13

What fish will maitotoxin if ingested?

Answer 13

Parrotfish, surgeonfish, maito fish

Question 14

What is the MOA of Okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1?

Answer 14

inhibit protein phosphatases and promote tumors

Question 15

What is tetrdotoxins MOA?

Answer 15

Na+ channel blocker

Question 16

What are the symptoms of tetrodotoxin poisoning?

Answer 16

GI, neuro and cardiac symptoms

Question 17

What species of fish contain this poison?

Answer 17

porcupine and black spotted puffer

Question 18

What are the symptoms associated with scombroid poison ingestion?

Answer 18

histamine poisoning-GI and hives, itching, airway constriction

Question 19

What fish produce contain the scombroid poisons?

Answer 19

slapjack and albacore tuna, mahi mahi and bluefish

Question 20

What is the toxin produced by ooxtoxic fishes?

Answer 20

dinogeulliens

Question 21

What part of the ootoxic fish is poisonous?

Answer 21

roe

Question 22

What fish contain the dinogeullins?

Answer 22

cabezon, gars and northern blenny

Question 23

What are the symptoms of being exposed to hemotoxin?

Answer 23

GI, bloody stools, irregular pulse, frothing at the mouth, respiratory distress

Question 24

What fish contain hemotoxins?

Answer 24

European eel, moray eel and conger eel

Question 25

What are the toxins produced by the chrinotoxic fishes?

Answer 25

ichthyochrinotoxins

Question 26

How do the ichthyochrinotoxins work?

Answer 26

toxins produced in specialized skin glands are secreted into the water to repel predators

Question 27

What fish produce the ichthychrinotoxins?

Answer 27

stonefish, pufferfish, river lamprey, moray eel and oyster toadfish

Question 28

What are the apparatus fish use to store and secrete their venom?

Answer 28

spines

Question 29

What is the most common fish venom?

Answer 29

Stonustoxin

Question 30

What fish produce stonustoxin and where are they found?

Answer 30

stonefish, tropical water in shallow depth

Question 31

What is stonustoxins MOA?

Answer 31

induces pores in cell membranes

Question 32

What are the symptoms of stonustoxin?

Answer 32

pain, local necrosis, vasodilation, cardiovascular and resp collapse, limb paralysis, GI symptoms and death

Question 33

What are other example of fish that produce their own venom?

Answer 33

madtoms, lionfish, catfish, oyster toadfish, rays, horn shark, spiny dogfish, weeverfish, rabbitfish, convict surgeonfish and stargazers