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ANS101 > Sheep industry > Flashcards

Sheep industry Flashcards

1
Q

define:
lamb
weaner
hogget

A

lamb = 0-3 months
weaner = 3-9 months
hogget = 9-10 months until 12 months

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2
Q

define:
maiden
ewe
ram

A

maiden = not been joined
ram = entire male
ewe = adult female (18 months)

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3
Q

how many sheep in australia and WA

A

72 million, 13.5 million in WA

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4
Q

how much does sheep industry make in AUS and WA

A

aus = $7.6 billion
WA = $1.3 billion

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5
Q

where are sheep located in Australia

A
  • high rainfall zone -> 30% sheep, high SD, fine wool Merinos and meat
  • Wheat sheep zone - 65% sheep, mixed farming, low SR, merino ewes
  • Pastoral zone - 5% sheep, low SR, broad wool merinos and shedding sheep
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6
Q

how many farms in Aus with sheep

A

40,000

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7
Q

breeds common in Aus

A
  1. Merino = 75% ewes (90% of WA)
  2. 2/3 merino bred with merino rams
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8
Q

structure of Aus flock

A

59% ewes
10% wethers
30% lambs
1% rams

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9
Q

how much sheep meat is exported from Aus

A

80%
90% mutton (decreasing)
65% lamb

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10
Q

how much wool is exported

A

100% -> we dont process any

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11
Q

what determines sheep price

A
  • fibre diameter (small)
  • staple strength (high)
  • vegetable matter
  • staple length (long)
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12
Q

what are the four big things in the sheep calendar

A
  • lambing
  • shearing
  • crutching
  • jetting
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13
Q

what is the most important occurrence on calendar

A

Lambing

needs to line up with:
- pasture growth
- cost and availability of supplementary feed
- requirement of lambs
- other farms activities (labour etc)

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14
Q

how long is a sheep’s cycle

A

17 days (only in some months)

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15
Q

when do events usually occur in the calendar

A

summer = pre-joining and joining
- pregnant for summer to autumn
- lactating and lambing in winter to spring

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16
Q

steps for joining management

A
  1. ram health for 2 months pre-joining
  2. both 3-4 BCS and 2-5 months wool to avoid overheating
  3. join in small paddocks to increase contact
  4. ewe age at joining = 19 months (hogget)
17
Q

how long does joining last in season

A
  • 2 cycles of joining/35 days
18
Q

what is the optimum time for scanning for preg

A
  • 40-90 days of gestation
19
Q

what equipment is used for scanning

A
  • transducer
  • ultrasound machine
  • water/gel for lubrication
20
Q

how is pregnancy managed

A
  • ewes = 3-3.5 BCS at lambing
  • ewes lambing in autumn require supplementary feeding
21
Q

how to calculate lambing percentage

A

lambing % =
number lambs born/number ewes joined x 100

22
Q

how to calc marking percentage

A

=
number of lambs marked/joined ewes x 100

23
Q

is ear tagging compulsory in WA

A

yes -> registered ear tag with ownership and sex

24
Q

what do ear tags indicate

A

position:
- males marked left ear
- females right
colour:
- NLIS year of birth

25
Q

ear tag colours and years:
yellow
red
blue
black
white
orange
green
purple

A

Y = 2013/2021
R = 2014/2022
Blue = 2015/2023
black = 2016/2024
w = 2017/2025
o = 2018/2026
g = 2019/2027
p = 2020/2028

26
Q

what do pink tags mean

A

post breeder/bought to property

27
Q

instruments used for tail docking

A
  • rubber rings
  • hot iron knife
  • pain relief
28
Q

how is castration done

A
  • rubber rings
  • pain relief
29
Q

what is mulesing

A
  • cut crescent shaped pieces of skin from breech and tail of lambs
  • wound heals and skin tightens reducing wrinkle for fly strike
  • pain relief
30
Q

alternatives to mulesing

A
  • freeze branding
  • breeding
  • chemicals/jetting
  • crutching
31
Q

when does weaning occur

A
  • 12-14 weeks
  • waners used as replacement ewes or meat lambs
  • wethers are used as meat of wool
32
Q

when does shearing occur

A
  • spring = low staple strength but easier fly management and better fit with sale of surplus stock
  • summer = high vegetable mater in wool (low quality), fly problems
33
Q

what is crutching

A
  • removing wool above tail and down inside of hind legs
  • wool around pizzle removed
  • wool on face removed
34
Q

when does crutching occur

A
  • ideally within 3 months of shearing
  • when flystrike most possible -> Aug/Sept or Feb/March
35
Q

when are vaccines given

A
  • marking
  • weaning
  • annual booster for ewes month before lambing
  • annual booster rams one month before mating
36
Q

what is given in drenching

A
  • internal parasite control
  • vitamin deficiency supplements
37
Q

what is jetting

A
  • using fly treatments
  • applied based on shearing times, fly strike and chemical with holding periods
38
Q

when does jetting occur

A
  • august to October
  • or March-April

ANS101 (17 decks)

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