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ANS101 > Chickens > Flashcards

Chickens Flashcards

1
Q

hoow many australians eat chicken

A

90%

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2
Q

where is chicken meat produced per state

A

NSW = 32%
VIC = 20%
QLD = 20%
elsewhere = 20%

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3
Q

when are chickens slaughtered/caught

A

35 days

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4
Q

2 main breeds in ausralia

A
  • Ross
  • Cobb
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5
Q

how were meat chickens bred

A
  1. great grandparents -> import fertile eggs, breeding only to produce fertile breeding eggs
  2. grandoparents (breeding farms) -> genetically different chickens bred
  3. parent breeders (breeding farms) -> fertile hatchlings breed
  4. meat chicken offspring grown for consumption (broiler grow out farms)
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6
Q

how long are chickens grown out for

A

30-65 days

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7
Q

how long is incubation time

A
  • delayed hatching for a week
    -21 days
  • fumigated for 18 days (setting)
  • placed in hatcher for 3 days
  • chick brooding
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8
Q

explain breeder farms

A
  • nesting boxes
  • indoors
  • one rooster per 10 chickens
  • eggs into grates under chickens
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9
Q

what is the optimum temp for fertile eggs in storage?

A
  • 18° for 3-4 days
  • lower for longer periods
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10
Q

what is chick placement

A
  • first stage of growing
  • encouraging chicks to eat food from floor immdeiately after hatchign
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11
Q

3 ways to raise meat chickens

A
  1. conventional -> indoors
  2. free-range -> access to outdoors
  3. organic -> outdoors only
    *all systems have an indoor brooding period
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12
Q

how many birds in each shed

A

40000-90000

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13
Q

what temp do chicks need to be at in first stage

A

31-32°
- reduce by a degree every day

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14
Q

explain a broiler cycle

A
  • placement at day old
  • staggered catching at 30, 40, 48, 56, 65 days
  • shed empty and cleaned for next batch
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15
Q

what is a cool pad?

A
  • air flows through pad, water stored in bottom cools air in sheds
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16
Q

when are chicks given access to outdoors in free range after brooding

A

21 days of age
*when they have feathers

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17
Q

what time of day are birds caught

A
  • caught by hand at night
  • put in crates
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18
Q

what is a full cleanout

A

all bedding, equipment, scrub floor, wall, spray everythng

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19
Q

what is a partial clean out

A
  • feed and water cleaned
  • change bedding
  • don’t spray everything though
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20
Q

4 key biosecurity pricniples

A
  1. preventioon
  2. down time
  3. distance
  4. cleaning and disinfection
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21
Q

prevention aspects

A
  • environemnt
  • pathogens
  • host susceptibility/immunity
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22
Q

downtime aspects

A
  • keeping away from poultry farms if you have contacted other chickens recently
  • e.g. 72 hours before entering another chicken farm
23
Q

distance principles

A
  • disances between two farms
24
Q

cleaning apsects

A
  • inactivate the pathogen
  • use disinfectants and antibacterials
25
Q

aspects of management of chickens

A
  • food
  • water
  • air
  • floor
26
Q

ideal angles for water feeders

A
  • chick = 35-45
  • growing = 75-85
  • grown = level with shoulder
27
Q

chick positions and what they mean

A
  • along outside = too hot
  • evenly spread = right
  • crowded in middle = too cold
  • together in random area = something is wrong in a particular area
28
Q

process of egg farming

A
  1. breeders
  2. hatchery
  3. pullet growers
  4. egg layer
  5. egg grading
  6. distribution
29
Q

how many eggs produced in aus every year?

A
  • 6.68 billion
30
Q

how many hens in aus

A

30 million

31
Q

when was import banned

A

1930’s

32
Q

laying breeds

A
  1. isa brown (france)
  2. hy-line brown (US)
  3. hisex (holand)
    * all brown egg layers*
33
Q

genetics impoortaton process for eggs

A
  1. GGP imported
  2. GP eggs hatched
  3. parents hatched
  4. commercial chicks hatched -> layers
34
Q

traits for layer chickens

A
  • number of eggs
  • feed conversion to eggs
  • liveability
  • shell strength + quality of eggs
35
Q

what are pullets

A
  • egg layers
36
Q

what procedures do chicks undergo

A
  • vaccination (egg vaccine or sprayed etc)
  • sexing
  • beak trimming (infared tech to take tip off/hook)
37
Q

how to tell sex based off colour

A
  • male sire will be brown which causes females to lay brown eggs
  • female dam is white causing male offspring to be white
38
Q

how can vaccines be given

A
  • spray
  • in the egg
  • eyedrops
  • wing vaccine
39
Q

when do chickens lay

A

16 weeks

40
Q

how long will chcikens sdtay in laying shed

A

72 weeks

41
Q

what improvements ahve been made in egg industry

A
  • lower feed intake
  • lower manure by product (feed conversion)
  • less water used
42
Q

what is chick starter diet

A
  • up to 6 weeks eat high protein diet
43
Q

what is grower diet

A
  • more food
44
Q

what is layer diet

A
  • higher calcium and mineral supplements and protein
45
Q

lighting importance

A
  • keep light immitating the season for breeding so they keep prodcing eggs
  • 16 hours a day lighting
  • reduce moulting phase
46
Q

pros and cons of cages

A

pros:
- water and food always available
- control environement
- no predators
- efficient use of resources
- cleaner eggs
- easier for workers
- lower biosecurity needed
- less feather pecking
cons:
- welfare concerns
- low bone strength -> no movement

47
Q

free range pros and cons

A

pros:
- consumers like it
- natural behaviour
- choice
- bone strength
cons:
- low productivity
- bacteria and viruses
- dirty eggs
- danger to predators
- wild birds -> biosecurity

48
Q

barn eggs system pros and cons

A
  • can roam around shed, inside
    pros:
  • nests
  • naural behaviour
  • protected
    cons:
  • hard to clean
  • dirty eggs
  • disease risk harder to contain
49
Q

what happens once eggs laid

A
  1. collected
  2. egg packing -> transport
  3. graded (weigh, cracks)
  4. distribute
50
Q

how many chickens kept in backyards

A
  • 60,000 in WA
51
Q

what are the egg standards

A
  • national egg quality assurance program
  • code of practce for welfare of poultry
  • HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control points)
52
Q

how much do layer hens eat

A

107 grams/day

53
Q

main challenges in eggs production

A
  • dominance of major supermarkets
  • gov regulations
  • site approvals
  • salmonella
  • biosecurity

ANS101 (17 decks)

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