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ANS101 > Camelids > Flashcards

Camelids Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 compartments of an alpaca GIT

A

C1: largest, digestive enzymes and bactteria
C2: absorption of nutrients
C3: true stomach, further digestion, gastric glands
- eat for 8 hrs a day
- pseudoruminants

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2
Q

what order do camelids belong tto and define

A

artiodactyla
- even toed ungulates whose weight is borne equally by the third and fourth toes

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3
Q

where did camelids originate

A

North America

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4
Q

what did alpaca’s evolve from

A

vicunas

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5
Q

what did lamas evolve from

A

Guanacos

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6
Q

what are the old world camelids

A

dromedary (1)
bactrain camels (2)

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7
Q

how many alpacas in aus

A

400,000 -> 90% huacayas, 10% suris

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8
Q

where are alpacas found in Aus

A

south East mostly, south west a little

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9
Q

what are alpacas used for

A
  • guard animals for sheep
  • fibre (fine)
  • tourism/pets
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10
Q

how much fibre do alpacas produce?

A
  • avg 2kg/head
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11
Q

how much is the alpaca wool industry worth in Aus

A
  • $19 million
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12
Q

when are alpacas slaughtered

A

24 m.o. wethers

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13
Q

what are llamas used for

A
  • recreation
  • guard animals
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14
Q

what is a:
- cria
- tui
- hembra
- macho
- partruition
(Alpaca terms)

A

cria = neonate
tui = weaner
hembra = female 1 y.o.
macho = male 2 y/o
parturition = unpacking/birthing

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15
Q

how much do alpacas weight at:
- birth
- adult female
- adult male

A

birth = 6-9kg
female = 60-80kg
male = 70-90kg

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16
Q

how much do llamas weigh at:
- birth
- adult
(HEAVIER)

A

birth = 9-13kg
adult = 120-180kg

17
Q

behaviour of camlids

A
  • herd structure -> dominance
  • herding instinct
  • strong family
  • aggressive
  • spit
18
Q

how to restrain camelids

A
  • arm around neck
  • halter
  • chute (for llamas)
19
Q

alpaca physical characterisitcs

A
  • ears are NOT banana shaped
  • no horns
  • brass or plastic ear tag -> electronic not compulsory
  • horizontal pupils -> projections in iris
    -wide angle vision (320-340)
  • bad depth perception
  • blue-eyed deafness
  • obligate nasal breathers
  • split upper lip
  • grazers
20
Q

do camelids have to be registered?

A
  • yes
  • Need property ID code (PIC)
  • movement documents
  • brass (Aus alpaca association registered) or plastic tag (not registered)
21
Q

mouth of alpaca

A
  • incisors and dental pad
  • papillae on cheeks and tongue
  • low jaw/mandible narrower than upper (maxillae)
  • canines (6 in total) males
22
Q

adaptations of cameldis

A
  • RBCs eliptical for high altitude
  • large heart
  • high muscle and capillary density
  • exract water from urine very well
23
Q

how long camelids eat/rest for

A

8 hours for each

24
Q

camelid feet

A
  • even toed ungulates
  • food pad and toe nails
  • not susceptible to foot rot
  • soft feet
25
Q

male characterisitcs

A
  • scrotum non-pendulous
  • fibroelastic penis
26
Q

when is castration performed

A

after 12 months
- NEVER use rings
- always use pain relief

27
Q

female characteristics

A
  • 8 glands, 4 teats
  • uterus has 2 horns
  • ## 2 ovaries
28
Q

tail charcaterisitcs

A
  • protect perineum
  • lift to urinate
  • NO tail docking
  • no meulsng -> no hair there
29
Q

how is BCS tested

A
  • last rib and backbone, feel for dips between vertebrae
  • BCS should be 3-3.5
30
Q

describe alpaca shearing (time, legnth etc)

A
  • annual shearing in spring
  • fleece grows 8-12cm per year
  • restrain using ropes on floor or table
  • removed from head and legs, not tail (sunburn)
  • low speed hand piece
  • shear blanket (backbone), belly
31
Q

describe llama shearing

A
  • annual shearing in spring
  • shear in standing position
32
Q

how much do camelids drink

A
  • 5% of body weight per day
  • 3.5L/day if 70kg avg
33
Q

how much do camelids eat

A
  • 1.5% body weight of dry matter (3.5L)
  • 1.2 kg of hay
  • much more needed on pasture due to wet matter abundance
34
Q

what vitamin do camelids need/have deficiency from

A
  • vitamin D due to lack of sunlight
  • injections of vitamin D
  • bent legs = deficiency
35
Q

vaccination schedule

A
  • 5-in-1 vaccine given 2 doses 6 weeks apart (marking and weaning)
  • then twice yearly to maintain
36
Q

when are females joined

A

at 65% mature body weight/45kg
- induced ovulators only when mating

37
Q

when are males fertile

A
  • 3y.o.
38
Q

how long is alpaca gestation and llama

A

alpaca = 342 d
llama = 355 days
*longer in spring, shorter in autumn

ANS101 (17 decks)

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