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ANS101 > pigs > Flashcards

pigs Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pork consumption per capita in ausralia

A

20kg per person/year

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2
Q

what position is australia in worlwide producer and epxorter

A
  • 18th producer
  • 10th exporter
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3
Q

what is african swine fever

A
  • woorst pig disease world wide
  • 70-100% of pigs die in 4-21 days
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4
Q

how much pork does australia produce per year

A
  • 445000 tonnes
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5
Q

what is the average carcass weight of pig

A

80.2kg

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6
Q

define:
- porker
- Baconer

A

porker = pig used for fresh meat, marketed at lighter weights
baconer = used for curing or fresh meat (bacon) marketed at heavier weights

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7
Q

how much of Aus pork is exported

A

10%

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8
Q

where does aus export pork to

A
  • singapore
  • phillapines
  • new zealand
  • papau new guinea
  • neetherlands
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9
Q

what percentage opf pork consumed in aus is fresh pork

A
  • 60%
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10
Q

how much of pork consumed in Aus is imported

A

46%

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11
Q

how much of greenhouse gas is due to pork

A

0.4%

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12
Q

how many pigs slaughtered every year in aus

A
  • 5.55 million
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13
Q

who are the two producers of pork in Aus

A
  • rivalea and sunpork
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14
Q

avg size of pig herds in aus

A
  • 200 sows
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15
Q

what are pigs fed

A
  • barley and wheat
  • lupins and canola
  • swill is ILLEGAL (meat)
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16
Q

what are ffluent ponds

A
  • dump wastes and are decomposed, release emissions
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17
Q

where are pigs raised in aus

A
  • south west
  • coast of east aus
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18
Q

how many pigs in australia

A

271000

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19
Q

gestation of pigs

A

115 days

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20
Q

what are:
- breeder shds
- farrowing shed
- weaner sheds
- grower/finisher shed

A
  • breeder =
  • farrowing =
  • weaner =
  • grower =
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21
Q

what is the aim of nutrition in pigs

A
  • high feed efficiency, low feed conversion ratio
  • herd feed conversion ratio = 3.4-3.8
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22
Q

structure of pig industry

A
  1. nucleus farms -> pure breeds (closed herds)
  2. mutlplication famrs (produce live pigs to sell)
  3. commercial farms (breed pigs bought in and breed for meat)
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23
Q

define:
- boar
- barrow/castrate
- gilt
- sow

A
  • boar = entire male
  • barrow/castrate = surgically castrated
  • gilt = female not farrowed yet
  • sow = breeding female that has had a litter
24
Q

what is breeding interval

A

number of days between weaning and breeding

25
Q

what is repeat/return

A
  • failure to concieve (18-24 days)
26
Q

what is farrowing rate

A
  • number farrowed / number bred
27
Q

what is:
parity
dry sow

A

parity = numbeer of farrowings for sow
dry sow = any period where she is not lactating, includes gestation

28
Q

what is:
- litter
- piglet/suckler
- farrowing
- lacttating

A

litter = group piglets
piglet = still nursing
- farrowing = giving birth
- lactating = producing milk

29
Q

what is a maternity ring

A
  • bar in circle/ring instead of cage
30
Q

what is pre-weaning mortality

A

the percentage of deaths between birth and weaning

31
Q

what procedures are done on piglets

A
  • rion injectioon
  • teeth clipping
  • tail docking
  • ear notching
  • castration
  • baycox -> coccidiosis
32
Q

when does weaning occur in pigs

A
  • 3-5 wks (5-12kg)
33
Q

define weaner

A
  • piglett from weaning until 10 weeks old
  • grower after 10 weeks
34
Q

what s a grower and fnisher

A

grower = 10-16 weeks, 30-60kg
finisher = 16-21 weeks, 60-110kg

35
Q

influencers of performance

A
  1. environemnt
  2. pig -> genetics, age,
  3. pathogens
36
Q

what to know when handling pigs

A
  • instincts
  • handlig facltiies
  • stockperson behaviour
37
Q

instinct characterisitcs of pigs

A
  • vision (panoramic, bad depth), easily distracted, blind spot behind
  • response to light
  • natural escape and following behaviour
38
Q

pig flight zone and point of balance

A
  • pob is where they will want to move if you stand behnd and infront of it
  • pob is shoulder
  • flight zone is distance away from them that they will be spooked and move
39
Q

what s a pig’s repsonse to light?

A
  • don’tt like bright orang
  • can’t focus both eyes on one spot
  • uneven flooring is scary as they can’t see well
40
Q

what does natural instinct to escape and follow mean

A
  • will escape any where they can
  • follow friends/leader
  • like to maintain visual of the leader/other pigs
41
Q

what’s an ideal pig size

A

3-5 pigs

42
Q

how does handling facilities impact pigs

A
  • upwards ramps good
  • corners - not good
  • changes in lights - not good
  • noise - not good
43
Q

behaviour with pigs that are goood

A
  • gentle touch back
  • scratches
  • slow deliberate movements
  • normal level talking
  • if a slap is audible, it is negative
44
Q

equipment

A
  • stockboard -> vision
  • electric prodder = not necessary
  • polypipe, flags, rattle = good, simple
45
Q

snaring rules

A
  • never snare outside pen
  • dont catch pig
  • don’t move pig once snared
  • two hands on snare
46
Q

abnormal behaviours

A
  • agression over resources
  • lying in toilet area
    huddling or piling on each other
  • panting
47
Q

what s optimal pig temp

A

38.5-39.5

48
Q

what are vices

A
  • abnormal behaviour
  • caused by disease or sow issues, stress etc
49
Q

what are common wrong things in environments causing vices

A
  • stock density
  • salt
  • water availability
  • air quality
  • humidity
50
Q

hoow is ammonia tested

A
  • glass sampling tube
51
Q

how long is weaning service

A

5 days in weaning shed

52
Q

how long is oestrus cycle

A

21 days
- oestrus behaviour = 2-3 days
- in heat 7-10 mins, then 45 mins in refractory period (ready for mating)
- polyoestrous

53
Q

signs before oestrus

A
  • nervous
  • riding other sows
  • tacky vaginal discharge
  • swollen red vulva
54
Q

signs of oestrus

A
  • stand when riden
  • won’t eat
  • seek boar and calls
  • prick ears
  • mucoid discharge
  • stand in presence of boar
55
Q

courtship sequence

A
  1. sniffing
  2. head to head
  3. nosing/nudging
  4. mounting attempts
  5. standing reaction
56
Q

pig gestation length

A

115 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)
- 111 days = vulva swells
- 113 = mammary glands visible
- 114 days = restless, off feed, milk, nest building

57
Q

farrowing process

A
  1. lies down an hour before
  2. 10 mins before = fluids, leg movements
  3. piglets every 10-20 minutes
  4. all piglets born, urinates,
  5. 4-8hrs later pass placenta
  6. lactation

ANS101 (17 decks)

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