Sexy sexy seeds Flashcards
The expanded, apical, pollen-bearing portion of the stamen
Anther
Production of an embryo/seed without fertilization; results in clonal offspring of the parent plant
Apomixis
Female reproductive organ located in the innermost whorl of the flower; also known as the pistil
Carpel
A type of flower that contains all four whorls
Complete flower
A cross in which the parent plants have been selected by a plant breeder
Controlled cross
Pollination of a flower by a male parent that is NOT genetically identical to the female; pollination between different clones
Cross pollination
Spontaneous opening of a structure such as an anther or fruit permitting the escape of reproductive entities contained in the structure
Dehiscence
A species having separate male and female plants
Dioecious
Term used to describe cells that have two sets of chromosomes (twice that of a sex cell)
Diploid
Process that takes place in angiosperms in which two fertilization events occur–egg with pollen cell and polar nuclei with pollen cell
Double fertilization
Removal of male parts from the flower
Emasculation
The developing new plant inside a seed that the zygote becomes
Embryo
A triploid tissue containing stored food that is digested by the developing zygote as it grows into an embryo and then a mature seed
Endosperm
A first generation hybrid; the direct result of the crossing of two parent plants
F1 hybrid
Fusion of male and female gametes to form a diploid cell
Fertilization
Stalk of the stamen
Filament
Sex cell
Gamete
Term used to describe the characteristic of sex cells only containing half of the genetic material of the parent cell
Haploid
A type of flower that is missing either the male or female organs (stamen or pistil)
Imperfect flower
A type of flower that is missing one or more of the four whorls
Incomplete flower
An aggressive plant that escapes cultivation and takes over natural areas, crowding out native species
Invasive species
A block of plants placed together for open pollination away from any other plants to help reduce crossing with unknown plants outside of the block
Isolation block
Type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive parts of the plant and in which the daughter cells are NOT genetically identical to the parent cell
Meiosis
A species having male and female reproductive organs on the same plant
Monoecious
A cross in which plants are allowed to freely cross pollinate with other plants around them; specific parent plants may be unknown (OP)
Open pollinated
Swollen area at the base of the pistil that eventually becomes a fruit
Ovary
Compartment in the ovary containing the egg cell that eventually becomes the seed
Ovule
Asexual development of a fruit, without fertilization and sometimes, pollination, occuring
Parthenocarpy
A type of flower that contains both male and female organs (stamen and pistil)
Perfect flower
Floral organ located the next whorl in from the sepals that usually provides the flower with color and attracts pollinators
Petal
Female reproductive organ located in the innermost whorl of the flower; also known as the carpel
Pistil
This document gives the holder legal control over the propagation and sale of a particular plant clone for a given amount of time
Plant patent
Two envelopes of genetic material that fuse with a pollen cell to form a triploid endosperm
Polar nuclei
Transfer of pollen to the plant’s female reproductive organ
Pollination
Development of multiple embryos–both sexually and asexually–within a seed
Polyembryony
The outer layer of the seed that protects it and plays a role in seed dormancy
Seed coat
Pollination of a flower by a clonal, genetically identical male parent
Self pollination
Floral organ located in the outermost whorl of the flower which is often green but can also have color and look similar to a petal; helps protect the developing flower bud before opening
Sepal
Male reproductive part of the flower located the next whorl in from the petals
Stamen
Sticky tip of the pistil that receives pollen
Stigma
Stalk of the pistil
Style
Ownership of a particular plant name for marketing purposes
Trademark
A cross made between plants that are not closely related that often yields sterile or infertile offspring
Wide cross
Genetically unique, diploid cell resulting from fertilization
Zygote
