Mutations / Chimeras Flashcards
A portion of a plant that looks phenotypically different from the rest of the plant
Bud sport
A plant that contains genetically dissimilar cells in the apical meristem
Chimera
The genetic constitution of an organism; the sum total of all the genes present in an individual
Genotype
Layers of tissue in the meristem
Histogenic layers
Outermost histogenic layer that gives rise to the epidermis of the stem, leaves, and flower petals
LI (L1) layer
Histogenic layer that gives rise to sex cells, inner tissue of lower petals, some inner tissue of leaves and roots, and some vascular tissue
LII (L2) layer
Histogenic layer that gives rise to some root tissue, central tissue of the leaves, and pith
LIII (L3) layer
A chimera in which mutant tissue encompasses part of only 1 or 2 of the 3 histogenic layers
Mericlinal chimera
Any change in the hereditary state of an organism at the gene or chromosome level
Mutation
A type of roundworm that is a plant pest and can cause clones to appear dissimilar
Nematode
A chimera in which mutant tissue encompasses all of 1 or 2 histogenic layers
Periclinal chimera
The physical appearance of an organism that is determined by its genotype and environment
Phenotype
A type of bacteria that disrupts phloem transport within the plant and can cause drastic changes in phenotype
Phytoplasma
A chimera in which mutant tissue encompasses part of all 3 histogenic layers
Sectorial chimera
A type of pathogen that travels throughout and affects the entire plant and that can in some cases cause clones of the same parent plant to appear dissimilar
Systemic pathogen
