Sexually transmitted infections

Question 1

Commensal micro-organism

Answer 1

a micro-organism that derives food or other benefits from another organism without hurting or helping it

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

A micro-organism that can cause disease

Question 3

Infection

Answer 3

The invasion of all or part of the body by a micro-organism

Question 4

Difference between sub-clinical and clinical infection

Answer 4

sub-clinical has no symptoms but clinical does

Question 5

Sexually transmissible microbe

Answer 5

A virus, bacteria or protozoan spread by sexual contact

Question 6

Sexually transmitted infection

Answer 6

An infection by a pathogen which is sexually transmissible and unlikely to be transmitted by non-sexual means

Question 7

Examples of STI

Answer 7

HPV type 6

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Question 8

Sexually transmitted disease

Answer 8

a disorder of structure or function caused by a sexually transmitted pathogen

Question 9

Examples of STD

Answer 9

Pelvic inflammatory disease

genital warts

Question 10

Venereal diseases of 1916

Answer 10

syphilis
gonorrhoea
chancroid

Question 11

Other STI’s in the UK - bacteria

Answer 11

bacterial - chlamydia trachomatis, klebsiella granulomatis, mycoplasma genitalium

Question 12

organism in syphilis

Answer 12

treponema pallidum pallidum

Question 13

organism in gonorrhoea

Answer 13

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Question 14

Organism in chancroid

Answer 14

haemophilus ducreyi

Question 15

STI viruses in UK

Answer 15

HSV, HIV, HPV, molluscum contagiosum

Question 16

Parasite STI in UK

Answer 16

pthirus pubis
sarcoptes scabei
trichomonas vaginalis

Question 17

Characteristics of STI

Answer 17

transmissible
asymptomatic?
manageable but not always curable eg HIV,HSV
avoidable

Question 18

Implications of the characteristics of an STI

Answer 18

partner notification
hard to eradicate - prevention and education
treat and prevent complications

Question 19

Type of sex from least to most chance of catching an infection

Answer 19

mutual masturbation 
genitals touching 
oral sex 
vaginal sex 
anal sex
group sex

Question 20

Genital contact only - transmission

Answer 20

pubic lice, scabies, warts and herpes

Question 21

group sex - transmission

Answer 21

hep C

Question 22

Systemic symptoms and complications of STI

Answer 22

fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, malaise

infertility, cervical cancer, adverse pregnancy outcomes in syphilis

Question 23

3 reasons why STI’s are important

Answer 23

can cause morbidity and kill
drain on resources eg IVF, HIV meds, freezing warts
they are common

Question 24

How many STI’s are acquired a day?

Answer 24

1M

Question 25

How many people worldwide have genital herpes and HIV?

Answer 25

herpes - 500M | HIV - 37M

Question 26

WHO STI 2016-2021 aim

Answer 26

zero new infections, STI related complications and deaths and zero discrimination

Question 27

Changes in diagnoses of STI - 2 reasons why?

Answer 27

true change in number of cases | change in diagnoses `

Question 28

Change in number of cases reasons

Answer 28

more sex, alcohol, beer goggles formula

Question 29

Change in number of diagnoses reasons

Answer 29

greater awareness of STI's - more testing | better tests - NAAT vs enzyme immunoassay

Question 30

What is meant by a core?

Answer 30

people have sex with similar peope and high prevalence within a subpopulation eg syphilis and HCV

Question 31

What is meant by a chain of mixing?

Answer 31

some cores are very big and random mixing leads to a low prevalence but wider dissemination along chains

Question 32

Sexual history questions

Answer 32

``` last sexual encounter male or female? condoms? contraception type of sex casual vs regular nationality of contact ```

Question 33

risk assessment for a man

Answer 33

``` sexual contact with a man IVDU? Sex with someone who is IVDU, outside UK medical procedures outwith UK sex industry ```

Question 34

2 types of partner notification

Answer 34

patient tells - client referral | NHS tells - provider referral

Question 35

Why offer further STI testing?

Answer 35

most STI's are risk factors for HIV acquisition and transmission if have 1 could have another

Question 36

3 areas of health promotion

Answer 36

condoms (for chlamydia, HIV, gonorrhoea but not for HSV, warts) oral sex carries risks (fellatio) alcohol and drugs

Question 37

How will eradication of STI's come?

Answer 37

vaccines