Embryology

Question 1

Name the 3 sets of kidneys which develop and their location

Answer 1

pronephros - cervical
mesonephros - thoracolumbar
metanephros - pelvis

Question 2

Which of the 3 sets of kidneys are functional?

Answer 2

mesonephros are briefly, but metanephros are

Question 3

What does the cloaca divide to form?

Answer 3

rectum

urogenital sinus anteriorly

Question 4

What does the mesonephric duct drain into?

Answer 4

urogenital sinus

Question 5

What does the urogenital sinus go on to form?

Answer 5

urinary bladder

cranial end = urethra

Question 6

What is formed by the medial part of mesonephric ridge thickening?

Answer 6

genital ridge

Question 7

How is the indifferent gonad formed?

Answer 7

germ cells from the yolk sac migrate into the genital ridge

Question 8

Explain the paramesonephric duct

Answer 8

epithelium of mesonephros invaginates

develops lateral to the developing gonads and mesonephric duct

Question 9

What does the cranial end of the paramesonephric duct open into?

Answer 9

peritoneal cavity

Question 10

What does the gonad form in the male and female?

Answer 10

testis

ovary

Question 11

What does the mesonephric duct form in the male and female?

Answer 11

epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles

degenerates in females

Question 12

What does the paramesonephric duct form in males and females?

Answer 12

fallopian tube, uterus, cervix

degenerates in males

Question 13

Urogenital sinus forms what in males and females?

Answer 13

both = urinary bladder
urethra and prostate
vagina

Question 14

How does the indifferent gonad know to form testis or ovaries?

Answer 14

on Y chromosome is a SRY encoding for TDF –> male

no Y chromosome = ovary

Question 15

What is the prostate an outgrowth from?

Answer 15

urethra

Question 16

What influences the formation of the male external genitalia?

Answer 16

testosterone

Question 17

How many primordial follicles are there at birth?

Answer 17

2 million

Question 18

atretic

Answer 18

breakdown of follicles

Question 19

appearance of post menopausal ovary

Answer 19

fibrosed

Question 20

The absence of testosterone causes the degeneration of what 2 structures?

Answer 20

mesonephros and mesonephric duct

Question 21

Cranial end of paramesonephric duct is associated with…

Answer 21

ovary

Question 22

caudal end of paramesonephric duct becomes…

Answer 22

uterus and superior vagina

Question 23

Inferior vagina forms from what structure?

Answer 23

urogenital sinus

Question 24

Where do the gonads originally form?

Answer 24

lumbar region

Question 25

When do the testis enter the scrotum?

Answer 25

week 39

Question 26

Do males or females have a larger inguinal canal?

Answer 26

male

Question 27

What happens to round ligament in females?

Answer 27

passage through the inguinal canal

Question 28

4 groups of cryptochordism

Answer 28

undescended
ectopic
retractile
absent

Question 29

3 complications of undescended testis

Answer 29

infertility
germ cell tumours
testicular torsion

Question 30

treatment of cryptochordism

Answer 30

orchipexy

Question 31

List some anomalies of female reproductive tract (uterus)

Answer 31

complete duplication
septate uterus
bicornuate uterus
arcuate uterus