FGM Flashcards
FGM
All procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to female genital organs for cultural or non-medical reasons
Type 1 of FGM is
clitoridectomy
clitoridectomy
partial or total removal of the clitoris and in very rare cases also the prepuce
Type 2 of FGM is
excision
Excision
partial or total removal of clitoris and labia minora with or without the excision of the labia majora
Type 3 of FGM is
infibulation
infibulation
narrowing of vaginal opening by forming seal by cutting labia - pharaonic circumcision
Type 4 FGM
All other harmful procedures to female genitalia for non-medical purposes eg piercing, pricking, incising, cauterising
Deinfibulation
procedure to open up closed vagina of FGM type 3
re-infibulation
re-stitching of FGM type 3 to reclose vagina after childbirth
Is re-infibulation legal in UK?
NO
Justifications for FGM
increase sexual pleasure for male family honour preserve virginity religion? improve marriage prospects social acceptance fear of social exclusion hygiene and cleanliness enhance fertility
Who is FGM mostly carrier out on?
girls from birth to 15 but mostly girls 4-10yrs
Who performs the cutting?
women who have respected role in community
healthcare providers
Prevalence of FGM
atleast 200M - 3M each year
137 000 in England and Wales
short term health impacts
severe pain and shock blood borne virus infection injury to adjacent tissues sprain, broken bone from restraint immediate fatal haemorrhage
Long term health impacts
PTSD sexual dysfunction urine retention and problems menstruating uterine, vaginal and pelvic infection cysts and neuromas pregnancy and childbirth fistula
psychological effects
depression - anxiety - PTSD - nightmares - flashbacks - loss of trust - fear of intimacy - unresolved anger
What are flashbacks usually associated with?
pregnancy and childbirth
When has FGM been offence in UK from?
1985
FGM and law affects…
those who perform cutting
those who aid the cutting
Key risk factor for FGM
mother had FGM
other risk factors for FGM
sister or cousins had FGM
mother requested re-infibulation
less integrated into British society
withdrawn from education
Possible signs of imminent risk
withdrawn from school
elderly female relative from country of origin visiting
forced marriage
Accessing support
health visitor - midwife - doctor - sexual health - health services
