Sexually transmitted infections Flashcards
Chlamydia trachomatis
Gram-negative
Obligate human pathogen: can’t perform energy metabolism
two forms:Extracellular infectious+ Intracellular non-infectious
causes disease “chlamydia”
Spread mainly by contact with gentials or bodily fluids: Oral,vaginal, anal sex
Affects mostly young women but can occur in both
infects human mucosal epithelial cells
identification: urine sample, molecular tests
Clicinal manifestations
most don’t have symptoms: fever,nausea,etc.
Additional: Ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, etc.
Treatment +prevention
Antibiotics
abstain from sexual activities
if sexually active regular screening, wear a condom
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gram negative, Dipplococci, pili
infects only humans
Intracellular
2nd most common
causes disease “gonorrhea”
spreads through sex: sexual fluids
colonizes mucosal lining of urogenital tract crevix, urethra infects
identification: urine sample, Nucleic acid amplification test
Clinical manifestations
usually no symptoms
female: bleeding between periods, pain during sexual intercourse
men: testicular pain+ swollen testicles
all: throat-itchy feeling
Treatment +prevention
No known antibiotics now
Don’t have sex or wear a condom
Treponema pallidum
Gram negative-coil
spirochaete
mobile:cork-screw like motion, only human pathogen
pathogenesis
Enter through host-mucosal membranes-open lesions in ski, spread by sexual contact
immune evasion, unusual outer membrane
Causes disease “Syphilis”
Early/primary- invasion into bloodstream, skin lesions, highly infectious
secondary- CNS invasion
third/late-happens years after, invasion of arota +arteries, crosses BBB
identification: blood test, PCR
Clinical manifestations
Early- skin lesions-single wound, often painless, highly infectious
Secondary-Rash appear all over, muscle aches, fatigue, hair loss
late-30 to 40 %, damage to heart, brain, and other organs, life-threatening
Treatment +prevention
No vaccine + antibiotics are resistant
Have safe sex or no sex
HIV -Human immunodefincy virus
Family: REtroviridae
ssRNa genome
Reverse transcriptasese
RNA into DNA
INtegrase- viral DNA into the host genome, replicates with host
causes disease “AIDS”
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
bodily fkuids: blood, mother to infant
Identification: Blood sample, Antibody test, Nucleic acid test (NAT)
