Introduction to metabolism +Redox/Oxygen

Question 1

Types of metabolism

Answer 1

Catabolism-breaking down
Anabolism-building up

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Breaking down molecules
Oxidized to release energy
Used in anabolic reactions-energy

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

Constructing molecules
uses energy from breaking down-requires energy
Endergonic process

Question 4

What is ATP?

Answer 4

Adenosine triphosphate
A chain of 3 phosphates attached to a 5-carbon sugar and a nitrogen base

Question 5

ATP is the currency of cellular energy

Answer 5

ATP can be hydrolyzed by the addition of water, breaking bond between 2 and 3 phosphate which releases energy

Question 6

Ways to make ATP

Answer 6

Substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation by chemiosmosis
Photophosphorylation by chemiosmosis

Question 6

Short-term energy storage+transfer

Answer 6

A cell can recycle ADP and inorganic phosphate to resynthesize ATP regeneration requires energy
Metabolic pathways that break down molecules to produce ATP

Question 6

Phototrophy vs chemotrophy

Answer 6

Photo-uses light as energy
chemo-Energy from breaking down macro molecules

Question 7

Su

Question 7

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 7

Immediate source of energy for both
Conversion of high-energy phosphate compound
synthesis of a small amount of ATP through glycolysis

Question 8

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 8

ATP generated through electron transport chain +chemotrophs
proton gradient across the membrane

Question 9

Photophosphorylation

Answer 9

ATP generated using light energy from photosynthesis +chemiosmosis
chlorplast

Question 10

Lithotrophs vs organotrophs

Answer 10

Lithotrophs=gains electrons from inorganic sources
organotrophs=gains electrons from organic sources

Question 11

Electron carriers

Answer 11

Transport e-from donor to acceptor,oxidized and reduced to provide energy
Coenzymes=free in cytoplasm
Prosthetic groups=bound to membrane

Question 12

Redox reactions

Answer 12

Vital for cellular metabolism
Oxidation-breaking down
Reduction-building up

Question 13

Oxidation vs reduction

Answer 13

Oil=Oxidation is loss of electrons
Rig=Reduction is the gain of electrons

Question 15

redox +electron carriers

Answer 15

continuously oxidized +reduced as hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one to next

Question 16

Autotrophs vs heterotrophs

Answer 16

Autotrophs-create energy-containing molecules from inorganic materials-carbon dioxide
Heterotrophs-organisms that obtain carbon sources from other organisms