Gene structure + Transcription

Question 1

The central dogma

Answer 1

DNA to RNA to Protein

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

Coding strand and template strand
all types of RNA comes from DNA
mRNA, tRNA,rRNA genes

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

on one strand
in one frame

Question 4

Gene Archiculture

Answer 4

Promotor, Leader, coding region, Terminator

Question 5

Promoter

Answer 5

Where sigma factor/RNA polymerase binds -start of gene
not transcribed or translated

Question 6

Leader

Answer 6

Where ribosome binds to mRNA transcript
(contains the Shine-Dalgarno sequence to position mRNA in ribosome)
* Leader is transcribed but not translated (not part of the coding region)

Question 7

In Bacteria

Answer 7

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 8

Initiation

Answer 8

RNA polymerase core enzyme +Sigma facter=holoenzyme
Sigma factor binds to the promotor
upstream of the gene that regulates transcription
Sigma factor+RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
Rna polymerase unwinds DNA to a transcription bubble

Question 9

Elongation

Answer 9

RNA Transcript is synthesized from template strand
RNA Polymerase adds NTPS
unwinds as it goes

Question 10

Termination

Answer 10

Factor dependent-stem loop with Rho factor, Hybrid DNA:RNA helicase activity
Intrisinic or Rho-independent -stem-loop with poly U,based on sequence alone

Question 11

Intrinsic or rho-independent
termination

Answer 11

Inverted repeats in DNA, stem loop followed by Poly U region,stem loop causes RNA to pause,

Question 12

Factor dependent

Answer 12

inverted dna repeats to stem loop to pause, Rho factor binds to Rna,