Gluconeogensis +Nutrient Catabolism

Question 1

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 1

Pyruvate to Fructose, Glucose
uses NADH +ATP
4 specific enzymes at irreversible steps:Pyruvate carboxylase,Fructose bisphosphatase

Question 2

Steps

Answer 2

1. pyruvate carboxylase activated by acetyl-COA makes citrate or glucose more acetyl-COA than there’s oxaloacetate for TCA cycle
2. Phosphofructokinase-on off switch, inhibited by ATP +stimulated by AMP, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase: Inhibited by AMP

Question 3

Nutrient Catabolism +Anabolism

Answer 3

Starting with other than glucose
Catabolism-energy+NAHD/FADH2-make energy + e carriers
Anabolism-Biosynthesis-NAHD/FADH2

Question 4

Bacterial growth curve

Answer 4

Lag phase, log phase, stationary phase=cell death/cell growth, death phase
Catabolite repression-(glucose starvation)
amino acid stravation

Question 5

Catabolite repression

Answer 5

Glucose present-Group translocation used to import transfers P to glucose
Glucose absent-Transfers P to adenyl cyclase cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Question 6

Carbohydrate

Answer 6

make glucose or fructose-Extra step
catabolism-glycolysis,TCA cycle-easy switch
Anabolism-udp-NAM-pentapeptide utlizes electron carriers,PGL synthesis

Question 7

Lipid

Answer 7

Lipases break down to glycerol +fatty acids
Catabolism-fatty acid by Beta oxidation of FA-shortens 2c-acetyl-CoA,gain 1 FADH2-TCA cycle
Anabolism-make carbon skeletons,uses e-carriers