Microbial parasites

Question 1

Naegleria fowleri

Answer 1

Free-living organism
-warm water
-soil
3 forms: Cyst, Trophozoite, Flagellated
live without host + rare
Pathogensis- brain eating amoeba, through factory bulb

Question 2

Disease: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

Answer 2

Transmission: infected water goes into your nose, swallowing doesn’t cause disease, and no person-to-person spread
Infection of CNS
Spinal tap, check cerebrospinal fluid, brain biopsy

Question 3

Clinical manifestations

Answer 3

Takes 15 days for symptoms to delevop
Symptoms: High fever, very painful headache,Nausea,Trembling,Meningitis,coma

Question 4

Treatment +preventation

Answer 4

More than 97% fatality
Even with treatment, a combination of drugs
better results with early diagnosis
don’t swim in stagnant warm water

Question 5

Trypanosoma brucei

Answer 5

Protozan,kinetoplastid
Extracellular-attack outside+ replicate

Question 6

Pathogenesis

Answer 6

First stage-replicate in blood after fly bite, second stage- crosses BBB into CNS

Question 7

Disease:African sleeping sickness

Answer 7

Endemic in sub-Saharan Africa
Infected tsetse flies-blood sucking flies
Extracellular
blood draw-observe in microscope-large
Later stage-cerebral fluid-can’t wake up

Question 8

Clinical manifestions

Answer 8

First stage-blood: Fever,Headache,joint pains, Enlarged lymph nodes
Second stage-brain: Behavior changes, Confusion, Sleep

Question 9

Treatment +prevention

Answer 9

Without treatment, generally fatal
sooner the better
Anti-trypanosomals
don’t get bit by tsetse flies

Question 10

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 10

Protozoan, apicomplexan
one of the most common parasites

Question 11

Pathogenesis

Answer 11

Infects cats-no disease
infect epithelial cells, replication+lysis of host cell
spread through bloodstream-fast replication,detected by immune cells,converts to bradyzoites,causes tissue cyst-doesn’t cause disease

Question 12

Disease: toxoplasmosis

Answer 12

Alters behavior of mice,contaminated food+feces,Torch pathogen-can cross placenta barrier, cells it infects- travels in blood +epithelial cells
Blood test, parasite DNA

Question 13

Clinical manifestations

Answer 13

Flu-like symptoms or none, only worrisome for weakened immune systems and alterations to human brain-Increased risk of schizophrenia

Question 14

Treatment +Prevention

Answer 14

Anti-parastic medicines
not for individuals with strong immune systems
don’t feed cats raw or undercooked meat,safe food prep, cats indoor

Question 15

Microsporidia

Answer 15

Unicellular fungi, impacts immunocompromised
Stabs top of cell with coil,intracellular

Question 16

Disease:Microsporidiosis

Answer 16

Ingestion/inhalation of food including fish and crustaceans, water
cells within intestine,Enterocytozoon bieneusi-associated diarrhea is the most common
Biopsy or in stool,DnA evaluation

Question 17

Clinical manifestations

Answer 17

Chronic diarrhea
inflammation of abdomen lining
liver injury
inflammation of muscles +sinuses

Question 18

Treatment +prevention

Answer 18

Antifungal drugs-adverse side effects-typically good outcome
regulation of water, hand washing