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Sexually Transmitted Diseases Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

How can bacterial diseases be treated?

A

Bacterial diseases can be treated with antibiotics.

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1
Q

How can viral diseases be treated?

A

Viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics, but there are some antivirals that may help.

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2
Q

Name four STDs that are viral diseases.

A

HIV
HPV
Genital herpes
Hepatitis

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3
Q

What does HIV cause?

A

HIV causes AIDS, the last stage of an HIV infection.

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4
Q

What is AIDS characterized by?

A

AIDS is characterized by a low helper T cell count and in which the immune system is compromised, leading to a suite of opportunistic infections.

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5
Q

HAART

A

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. This is the treatment for HIV that can limit HIV replication, but it is not a cure.

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6
Q

What does HPV stand for?

A

HPV stands for the human papillomaviruses.

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7
Q

How can HPV be transmitted?

A

HPV can be transmitted through skin to skin contact. It is very easy to transmit.

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of HPV?

A

Most people do not actually have symptoms. The symptoms that are occasionally seen, though, are warts and flat lesions, most often on the penis or opening to the vagina.

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9
Q

What is HPV associated with?

A

Certain types of HPV are associated with cervical cancer - up to 90% of cases - but are also associated with penile and anal cancers.

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10
Q

Why was the HPV vaccine developed?

A

The HPV vaccine was developed to help prevent cervical cancer?

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11
Q

How is HPV most often found?

A

HPV is most often found through regular pap smear screening in women.

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12
Q

What is caused by the herpes simplex virus?

A

Herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

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13
Q

Where is herpes type 1 normally found?

A

Herpes type 1 is usually found above the waist.

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14
Q

Where is herpes type 2 usually found?

A

Herpes type 2 is usually found below the waist (genital herpes).

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15
Q

How is herpes transmitted?

A

Herpes is transmitted through skin to skin contact and secretions. It can also be transmitted to a baby during birth.

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16
Q

Are there always symptoms when herpes is transmitted?

A

Symptoms are not always present when herpes is transmitted.

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17
Q

What are some symptoms of herpes?

A

One symptom of herpes is that one usually has painful ulcers periodically in the same places each time.

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18
Q

What can trigger outbreaks of herpes?

A

Outbreaks of herpes can be triggered by stress, sunlight, fever, and lack of sleep. All of these reactivate the virus.

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19
Q

Is there a cure to herpes?

A

No, there is not a cure for herpes, but there are drugs that can keep outbreaks to a minimum or stop them entirely.

20
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis is an infection of the liver by one of 6 viruses - Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, G.

21
Q

What is the most commonly sexually transmitted hepatitis virus?

A

Hepatitis B is the most common sexually transmitted hepatitis.

22
Q

How is hepatitis transmitted?

A

Hepatitis is transmitted through sexual contact and by contaminated blood.

23
Q

What is one negative consequence of Hepatitis B?

A

One negative consequence of Hepatitis B is that it can lead to liver failure.

24
Q

What Hepatitis viruses have vaccines available?

A

Vaccines are available for Hepatitis A and B.

25
Q

Chlamydia

A

Chlamydia is a very common bacterial infection in men and women.

26
Q

What are the male symptoms of chlamydia?

A

The male symptoms of chlamydia is burning during urination and a mucoid discharge.

27
Q

What are the female symptoms of chlamydia?

A

The female symptoms of chlamydia are vaginal discharge and symptoms of a urinal tract infection.

28
Q

Do symptoms appear for chlamydia right away?

A

No, not normally. Some men and most women do not have symptoms (18-21 days after exposure).

29
Q

What can be the effect if chlamydia reaches the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries?

A

Chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility if it reaches the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries.

30
Q

What can chlamydia cause?

A

Chlamydia can cause conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye) and result in blindness, as well as pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility if it reaches the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries.

31
Q

Can chlamydia be transmitted to a baby?

A

Yes, chlamydia can be transmitted to a baby during birth. It causes inflammation of the eyes and/or pneumonia.

32
Q

Gonorrhea

A

A common bacterial infection in men and women.

33
Q

What are male symptoms of gonorrhea, and when do they appear?

A

Male symptoms of gonorrhea appear 3-5 days after contact, and include pain during urination and a thick, greenish yellow penile discharge.

34
Q

What are the female symptoms of gonorrhea?

A

It is uncommon, but females will occasionally have a vaginal discharge.

35
Q

What can gonorrhea lead to? What negative effects?

A

Gonorrhea can lead to PID and sterility in men and women.

36
Q

What is perhaps the largest concern about gonorrhea today?

A

Resistance to antibiotics is the biggest concern with gonorrhea today.

37
Q

Can gonorrhea be contracted by a baby?

A

Yes, gonorrhea can be contracted by a baby during birth, leading to an eye infection and even blindness.

38
Q

Syphilis

A

A bacterial infection with 3 stages.

39
Q

When does the first stage of syphilis normally appear?

A

The first stage of syphilis normally appears 1-8 weeks after infection.

40
Q

Stage 1 of Syphilis

A

Stage 1 of syphilis is a hard chancre at the site of infection.

41
Q

When does the second stage of syphilis usually appear?

A

The second stage of syphilis usually appears 3-4 months after infection.

42
Q

Stage 2 of Syphilis

A

Stage 2 of syphilis consists of a nonitchy rash, even found on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands; may also see hair loss and gray patches on mucous membranes.

43
Q

When does the third stage of syphilis usually appear?

A

The third stage of syphilis usually appears 5-20 years after infection and continues until death.

44
Q

Stage 3 of Syphilis

A

Stage 3 of syphilis affects the cardiovascular and/or nervous systems. Gummas (large ulcers) can develop on the skin and internal organs.

45
Q

What makes syphilis hard to diagnose?

A

The fact that the three stages of syphilis are separated by latent periods makes the stages hard to link together and thus the disease hard to diagnose.

46
Q

Can syphilis affect a child?

A

Yes, syphilis can cross the placenta and affect the fetus in a mother.

47
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

A

A bacterial infection caused by a disruption of the normal flora in the vagina, leading to an overgrowth of certain bacteria. It accounts for 50% of vaginitis in American women.

48
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Trichomoniasis is caused by a protozoan, and it can cause a frothy discharge, a foul smell, and itching. It is a common cause of vaginitis.

Biology (21 decks)

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