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Pediatric Health Assessment > Sexual Maturity > Flashcards

Sexual Maturity Flashcards

1
Q

define “precocious puberty”

A

puberty occurring at an unusually early ate

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2
Q

causes of precocious puberty

A

idopathic
intracranial abnormalities
adrenal conditions
gonadal conditions

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3
Q

causes of delayed puberty

A 
positive family history
anorexia
gonadal failure
gonadal dysgenesis d/t Turner syndrome
isolated gonadotropin deficiency
decreased body fat due to exercise
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4
Q

girls who have early breast development (e.g. already at Tanner stage 3 when 1st seen, or rapidly progress to Tanner stage 3) are at risk for…

A

pathology

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5
Q

helpful labs for girls at risk for pathology

A

LH
FSH
estradiol
bone age

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6
Q

20% of girls who start puberty before age 6 have abnormal ____

A

brain MRIs

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7
Q

boys who have increases in testicle or penile size before age _____ need to be referred

A

age 9

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8
Q

useful labs for boys who have both testicular and penile growth

A

LH
FSH
testosterone
bone age

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9
Q

girls should experience pubertal development (breast enlargement) by age ___, and if they do not, they should be evaluated

A

13

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10
Q

boys should experience pubertal development (penile and testicular enlargement) by age ____, and if they do not, they should be evaluated

A

14

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11
Q

what lab is elevated in gonadal failure?

A

FSH

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12
Q

useful labs for delayed puberty

A 
LH
FSH
estradiol (girls)
testosterone (boys)
bone age
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13
Q

child with delayed puberty should be evaluated for:

A 
growth hormone deficiency
pituitary hormone deficiencies
chronic diseases (cardiac, renal, pulmonary, GI)
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14
Q

define chordee

A

band of connective tissue between urethral meatus and glans that causes penis to curve

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15
Q

chordee is associated with ____

A

hypospadias

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16
Q

symptoms of urethritis

A

urethral discharge
redness
lesions
edema

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17
Q

if the prepubertal male, signs of urethritis indicate a possibility of _______

A

sexual abuse

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18
Q

hypospadias

A

urethral meatus is located on ventral surface of penis

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19
Q

epispadias

A

urethral meatus is located on the dorsal surface of the penis

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20
Q

the infant with hypspadias or epispadias should not be circumcised; why?

A

the foreskin can be used for surgical repair

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21
Q

in an infant, a weak urinary stream can indicate…

A

a neurogenic bladder

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22
Q

phimosis

A

foreskin cannot be retracted

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23
Q

paraphimosis

A

foreskin remains constricted and cannot be returned to original position

*this is a urologic emergency to avoid ischemia or infarction of the glans

24
Q

smegma

A

secretion of oil glands around genitals

25
what side of the scrotum normally hangs lower than the other?
left lower than right
26
what on the scrotum indicates descended testicles?
well-developed scrotal rugae
27
scrotal skin that is red and shiny indicates...
orchitis (mumps)
28
cremasteric reflex
in males, stroking the upper part of the inner thigh causes contraction of the cremaster muscle, which elevates the testis; test is positive if testis moves 0.5cm
29
cryptorchidism
undescended testicles, associated with sterility and testicular cancer
30
palpation of male genitalia
penis: palpated for masses or nodules scrotum: for presence of testicles testes: size, shape, symmetry, consistency spermatic cord
31
Male Tanner Stage 1
no pubic hair
32
Male Tanner Stage 2
sparse pubic hair; slight enlargement of penis and testes
33
Male Tanner Stage 3
more coarse pubic hair; further enlargement of penis and testes
34
Male Tanner Stage 4
coarse and curly pubic hair; further enlargement of penis and testes
35
Male Tanner Stage 5
hair spread to medial surface of thighs, adult in quality and quantity; penis and testes reach adult size and proportion
36
Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 1 in Females
no pubic hair
37
Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 2 in Females
sparse long, straight hair
38
Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 3 in Females
darker, coarse, curly, sparse hair over the mons pubis
39
Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 4 in Females
dark, curly, abundant hair over the mons pubis
40
Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 5 in Females
adult triangle pattern with hair growth on medial thighs
41
Tanner Breast Development Stage 1 in Females
nipple elevation begins
42
Tanner Breast Development Stage 2 in Females
breast and nipple elevation as a small mound with areolar enlargement
43
Tanner Breast Development Stage 3 in Females
breast and areola enlarge without distinct evidence of separation between them
44
Tanner Breast Development Stage 4 in Females
secondary mound forms as areola and nipple project from small mound
45
Tanner Breast Development Stage 5 in Females
nipple projects and areola becomes part of breast contour
46
At what age should girls be asked if they have begun menstruating?
starting at age 8 or 9
47
external female genitalia inspected for
``` color swelling symmetry lesions discharge ```
48
precocious development of pubic hair is...
development of pubic hair before age 8
49
adrenarche
when the adrenals start secreting hormones in preparation for puberty; happens a few years before puberty
50
girls with premature adrenarche have higher instances of ...
``` PCOS syndrome X (obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, DM2, dyslipidemia) ```
51
labial adhesions
tissue between labia minora fused as a result of hypoestrogenized state; must be separated to decrease risk of dysuria, rash, vulvovaginitis
52
females: urethral meatus normals
should be no erythema, discharge, or swelling
53
girls begin to menstruate approximately ___ years after breast buds begin to appear
2
54
green, yellow, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge can indicate...
foreign body in the vagina or STI
55
in girls, palpable Bartholin or Skene glands (abnormal) can indicate...
gonorrhea or cysts

Pediatric Health Assessment (19 decks)

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