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Pediatric Health Assessment > Sexual Maturity > Flashcards

Sexual Maturity Flashcards

1
Q

define “precocious puberty”

A

puberty occurring at an unusually early ate

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2
Q

causes of precocious puberty

A

idopathic
intracranial abnormalities
adrenal conditions
gonadal conditions

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3
Q

causes of delayed puberty

A 
positive family history
anorexia
gonadal failure
gonadal dysgenesis d/t Turner syndrome
isolated gonadotropin deficiency
decreased body fat due to exercise
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4
Q

girls who have early breast development (e.g. already at Tanner stage 3 when 1st seen, or rapidly progress to Tanner stage 3) are at risk for…

A

pathology

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5
Q

helpful labs for girls at risk for pathology

A

LH
FSH
estradiol
bone age

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6
Q

20% of girls who start puberty before age 6 have abnormal ____

A

brain MRIs

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7
Q

boys who have increases in testicle or penile size before age _____ need to be referred

A

age 9

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8
Q

useful labs for boys who have both testicular and penile growth

A

LH
FSH
testosterone
bone age

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9
Q

girls should experience pubertal development (breast enlargement) by age ___, and if they do not, they should be evaluated

A

13

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10
Q

boys should experience pubertal development (penile and testicular enlargement) by age ____, and if they do not, they should be evaluated

A

14

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11
Q

what lab is elevated in gonadal failure?

A

FSH

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12
Q

useful labs for delayed puberty

A 
LH
FSH
estradiol (girls)
testosterone (boys)
bone age
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13
Q

child with delayed puberty should be evaluated for:

A 
growth hormone deficiency
pituitary hormone deficiencies
chronic diseases (cardiac, renal, pulmonary, GI)
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14
Q

define chordee

A

band of connective tissue between urethral meatus and glans that causes penis to curve

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15
Q

chordee is associated with ____

A

hypospadias

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16
Q

symptoms of urethritis

A

urethral discharge
redness
lesions
edema

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17
Q

if the prepubertal male, signs of urethritis indicate a possibility of _______

A

sexual abuse

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18
Q

hypospadias

A

urethral meatus is located on ventral surface of penis

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19
Q

epispadias

A

urethral meatus is located on the dorsal surface of the penis

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20
Q

the infant with hypspadias or epispadias should not be circumcised; why?

A

the foreskin can be used for surgical repair

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21
Q

in an infant, a weak urinary stream can indicate…

A

a neurogenic bladder

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22
Q

phimosis

A

foreskin cannot be retracted

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23
Q

paraphimosis

A

foreskin remains constricted and cannot be returned to original position

*this is a urologic emergency to avoid ischemia or infarction of the glans

24
Q

smegma

A

secretion of oil glands around genitals

25
Q

what side of the scrotum normally hangs lower than the other?

A

left lower than right

26
Q

what on the scrotum indicates descended testicles?

A

well-developed scrotal rugae

27
Q

scrotal skin that is red and shiny indicates…

A

orchitis (mumps)

28
Q

cremasteric reflex

A

in males, stroking the upper part of the inner thigh causes contraction of the cremaster muscle, which elevates the testis; test is positive if testis moves 0.5cm

29
Q

cryptorchidism

A

undescended testicles, associated with sterility and testicular cancer

30
Q

palpation of male genitalia

A

penis: palpated for masses or nodules
scrotum: for presence of testicles
testes: size, shape, symmetry, consistency
spermatic cord

31
Q

Male Tanner Stage 1

A

no pubic hair

32
Q

Male Tanner Stage 2

A

sparse pubic hair; slight enlargement of penis and testes

33
Q

Male Tanner Stage 3

A

more coarse pubic hair; further enlargement of penis and testes

34
Q

Male Tanner Stage 4

A

coarse and curly pubic hair; further enlargement of penis and testes

35
Q

Male Tanner Stage 5

A

hair spread to medial surface of thighs, adult in quality and quantity; penis and testes reach adult size and proportion

36
Q

Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 1 in Females

A

no pubic hair

37
Q

Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 2 in Females

A

sparse long, straight hair

38
Q

Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 3 in Females

A

darker, coarse, curly, sparse hair over the mons pubis

39
Q

Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 4 in Females

A

dark, curly, abundant hair over the mons pubis

40
Q

Tanner Pubic Hair Stage 5 in Females

A

adult triangle pattern with hair growth on medial thighs

41
Q

Tanner Breast Development Stage 1 in Females

A

nipple elevation begins

42
Q

Tanner Breast Development Stage 2 in Females

A

breast and nipple elevation as a small mound with areolar enlargement

43
Q

Tanner Breast Development Stage 3 in Females

A

breast and areola enlarge without distinct evidence of separation between them

44
Q

Tanner Breast Development Stage 4 in Females

A

secondary mound forms as areola and nipple project from small mound

45
Q

Tanner Breast Development Stage 5 in Females

A

nipple projects and areola becomes part of breast contour

46
Q

At what age should girls be asked if they have begun menstruating?

A

starting at age 8 or 9

47
Q

external female genitalia inspected for

A 
color
swelling
symmetry
lesions
discharge
48
Q

precocious development of pubic hair is…

A

development of pubic hair before age 8

49
Q

adrenarche

A

when the adrenals start secreting hormones in preparation for puberty; happens a few years before puberty

50
Q

girls with premature adrenarche have higher instances of …

A 
PCOS
syndrome X (obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, DM2, dyslipidemia)
51
Q

labial adhesions

A

tissue between labia minora fused as a result of hypoestrogenized state; must be separated to decrease risk of dysuria, rash, vulvovaginitis

52
Q

females: urethral meatus normals

A

should be no erythema, discharge, or swelling

53
Q

girls begin to menstruate approximately ___ years after breast buds begin to appear

A

2

54
Q

green, yellow, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge can indicate…

A

foreign body in the vagina or STI

55
Q

in girls, palpable Bartholin or Skene glands (abnormal) can indicate…

A

gonorrhea or cysts

Pediatric Health Assessment (19 decks)

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