Ch 2: Assessment Parameters Flashcards
What is often the first indicator of abnormalities in growth and maturation?
abnormal progression of weight gain or height parameters
Infants can drop weight after birth; by what age should they regain or exceed birth weight?
2 weeks
At what age is a child approximately half of their adult height?
2 years
At what age has a girl reached 95% of her growth?
by menarche
At what age has a boy reached 95% of his growth?
age 15
When should a head circumference measurement trigger further evaluation?
> 95th percentile
<5th percentile
What is normally bigger during the first 6 months of life? Head or chest circumference?
head circumference
By what age should the chest circumference closely equal the head circumference?
1 year
What is the name of the device used to measure a standing height?
stadiometer
Why are infants born with large numbers of fat cells at risk for obesity in childhood?
because adipocytes have a long lifespan
Why are large weight gains in infancy and early childhood concerning?
why alter the normal pattern of growth and adiposity rebound
Name the critical periods for the development of adiposity
gestation
early infancy
middle childhood
adolescence
What are the indicators of obesity in children?
BMI >= 95th percentile for age and sex
OR
BMI >=30
increased BMI in childhood is associated with what risks in adulthood?
metabolic and cardiovascular disease
early onset of DM2
In the weight gain patterns of children, what is associated with a risk of childhood obesity and becoming overweight?
rapid weight gain in early infancy
early adiposity rebound in childhood
early pubertal development
Define temperament
inborn tendency to react to one’s environment in certain ways
Recommended temperature measurement method for the healthy newborn
axillary
What method of temperature measurement aligns most closely with core body temperature?
rectal
At what age can the oral temperature be measured in children?
age 4
Pulses can be measured electronically; why should they also be palpated?
to assess for quality of rate, rhythm, and volume or strength
also to detect differences between upper and lower extremities
Children of what age require apical pulse measurements?
under age 2
What pulses should be compared for strength and quality in young children?
radial and femoral
An absent or weak pulse in the lower extremities compared with the upper extremities is diagnostic of what?
coarctation of the aorta
How is the respiratory rate counted in the newborn or young infant?
breathing is typically diaphragmatic –> count abdominal movements and count for a full minute
note any use of accessory muscles in the upper chest
