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Pediatric Health Assessment > Ch 2: Assessment Parameters > Flashcards

Ch 2: Assessment Parameters Flashcards

1
Q

What is often the first indicator of abnormalities in growth and maturation?

A

abnormal progression of weight gain or height parameters

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2
Q

Infants can drop weight after birth; by what age should they regain or exceed birth weight?

A

2 weeks

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3
Q

At what age is a child approximately half of their adult height?

A

2 years

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4
Q

At what age has a girl reached 95% of her growth?

A

by menarche

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5
Q

At what age has a boy reached 95% of his growth?

A

age 15

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6
Q

When should a head circumference measurement trigger further evaluation?

A

> 95th percentile

<5th percentile

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7
Q

What is normally bigger during the first 6 months of life? Head or chest circumference?

A

head circumference

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8
Q

By what age should the chest circumference closely equal the head circumference?

A

1 year

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9
Q

What is the name of the device used to measure a standing height?

A

stadiometer

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10
Q

Why are infants born with large numbers of fat cells at risk for obesity in childhood?

A

because adipocytes have a long lifespan

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11
Q

Why are large weight gains in infancy and early childhood concerning?

A

why alter the normal pattern of growth and adiposity rebound

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12
Q

Name the critical periods for the development of adiposity

A

gestation
early infancy
middle childhood
adolescence

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13
Q

What are the indicators of obesity in children?

A

BMI >= 95th percentile for age and sex
OR
BMI >=30

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14
Q

increased BMI in childhood is associated with what risks in adulthood?

A

metabolic and cardiovascular disease

early onset of DM2

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15
Q

In the weight gain patterns of children, what is associated with a risk of childhood obesity and becoming overweight?

A

rapid weight gain in early infancy
early adiposity rebound in childhood
early pubertal development

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16
Q

Define temperament

A

inborn tendency to react to one’s environment in certain ways

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17
Q

Recommended temperature measurement method for the healthy newborn

A

axillary

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18
Q

What method of temperature measurement aligns most closely with core body temperature?

A

rectal

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19
Q

At what age can the oral temperature be measured in children?

A

age 4

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20
Q

Pulses can be measured electronically; why should they also be palpated?

A

to assess for quality of rate, rhythm, and volume or strength

also to detect differences between upper and lower extremities

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21
Q

Children of what age require apical pulse measurements?

A

under age 2

22
Q

What pulses should be compared for strength and quality in young children?

A

radial and femoral

23
Q

An absent or weak pulse in the lower extremities compared with the upper extremities is diagnostic of what?

A

coarctation of the aorta

24
Q

How is the respiratory rate counted in the newborn or young infant?

A

breathing is typically diaphragmatic –> count abdominal movements and count for a full minute

note any use of accessory muscles in the upper chest

25
Q

normal respiratory range: NEWBORN

A

30-60

26
Q

normal respiratory range: 1 month - 1 year

A

20-40

27
Q

normal respiratory range: 2-6 years

A

20-30

28
Q

normal respiratory range: 6-12 years

A

16-25

29
Q

normal respiratory range: 12 years to adult

A

14-20

30
Q

normal heart rate: NEWBORN

A

120-160

31
Q

normal heart rate: 1 month - 1 year

A

80-150

32
Q

normal heart rate: 2-6 years

A

75-120

33
Q

normal heart rate: 6-12 years

A

70-110

34
Q

normal heart rate: 12 years to adult

A

60-105

35
Q

MEAN BP in NEWBORN:

A

65/44

36
Q

MEAN BP in 1 month - 1 year

A

86/41

37
Q

MEAN BP in 2-6 years

A

108/67

38
Q

MEAN BP in 6-12 years

A

112/73

39
Q

MEAN BP in 12 years to adult

A

119/78

40
Q

Normal SpO2 in a pediatric patient

A

97% and above

41
Q

hypoxemia in a pediatric patient occurs at what SpO2?

A

<= 92%

42
Q

What condition can SpO2 detect in a newborn?

A

cyanotic heart disease

43
Q

At what age do practitioners begin measuring a child’s BP?

A

age 3

44
Q

When is the BP measured for children under age 3?

A

those at risk for cardiac defects or who experience trauma or have chronic conditions

45
Q

What part of the practitioner’s hand is most sensitive to temperature?

A

backs of the fingers

46
Q

What parts of the practitioner’s hand are most sensitive to detect vibrations?

A

flattened fingers and palm on the chest

47
Q

What part of the practitioner’s hand is most sensitive to tactile differences?

A

fingertips

48
Q

In infants, what part of the stethoscope is best for low-pitched cardiac sounds?

A

the bell

49
Q

What part of the stethoscope is best for auscultation of the lung in children?

A

diaphragm

50
Q

What part of the stethoscope is best for auscultation of the high-pitched bowel sounds in children?

A

diaphragm

Pediatric Health Assessment (19 decks)

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