Genitourinary, Reproductive, Rectal

Question 1

discoloration around the anus may indicate…

Answer 1

heavy toxins

Question 2

physiologic phimosis

Answer 2

foreskin cannot be retracted over glans penis

*normal before age 6

Question 3

cremasteric reflex causes…

Answer 3

retraction of testes into inguinal canal/abdominal cavity; activated on cold, touch, or emotion

Question 4

testicular size discrepancy of ___ requires further evaluation

Answer 4

15%

Question 5

device used to screen testicular size

Answer 5

orchidometer

Question 6

name for undescended testicle

Answer 6

cryptorchidism

Question 7

what is the anal wink?

Answer 7

press the pad of a finger against the anus; the anal sphincter should relax

Question 8

when performing a digital rectal exam and assessing for sexual trauma, what should the provider check for?

Answer 8

hemorrhoids, warts, rectal dilation, rectal fissures, fistulas

Question 9

what is disorder of sexual differentiation?

Answer 9

rare congenital condition
caused by abnormalities that occur during development of reproductive system.
occur when baby is born with both male and female sex characteristics.

Question 10

most common cause of DSD (disorder of sexual differentiation)

Answer 10

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

**can be life-threatening; requires treatment

Question 11

when does an inguinal hernia require an immediate referral?

Answer 11

when it is hard and immobile (risk for incarcerated hernia)

Question 12

what can testicular torsion cause?

Answer 12

testicular infarction due to twisting of testicle on its spermatic cord/venous obstruction

Question 13

symptom of testicular torsion

Answer 13

sudden onset unilateral testicular/scrotal pain

Question 14

variocele

Answer 14

“bag of worms”
soft mass on spermatic cord
dilation of internal spermatic vein

Question 15

What is “witch’s milk”?

Answer 15

normal finding in newborn

newborn secretion of white substance for 1-2 weeks

Question 16

normal or abnormal?

prepubertal enlargement of one or both breasts in a male or female

Answer 16

normal, with no associated signs of puberty
usually regresses spontaneously within weeks to months
biopsy not indicated if other secondary sex characteristics absent

Question 17

define widespread nipples

Answer 17

more than 25% of chest circumference apart

Question 18

widespread nipples are associated with what congenital abnormality?

Answer 18

Turner syndrome

Question 19

What is a supernumerary nipple?

Answer 19

extra nipples that arise from the mammary ridge

Question 20

polymastia

Answer 20

breast tissue that develops around supernumerary nipples

Question 21

amastia

Answer 21

absence of breast tissue

Question 22

athelia

Answer 22

absence of nipple

Question 23

macromastia

Answer 23

exceptionally large breasts

Question 24

physiologic gynecomastia

Answer 24

benign increase in breast tissue in pubertal males

most spontaneously resolve in 12-18 months

Question 25

thelarche

Answer 25

beginning of breast development in females

occurs between 8-13

Question 26

premature thelarche

Answer 26

breast development, without other signs of puberty, occurring prior to 7.5 years

Question 27

What is CBE?

Answer 27

clinical breast examination

Question 28

under what circumstances should CBE be done?

Answer 28

nipple discharge
breast masses
breast pain

Question 29

what 3 positions are most helpful for inspecting breasts for a lump or a mass?

Answer 29

sitting, arms extended overhead
hands pressed against the hips or against each other
leaning forward from the waist

Question 30

montgomery tubercles

Answer 30

arise from sebaceous glands associated with lactiferous duct
small, soft papules around areola
occasional thin, clear to brown discharge
possibly a small lump under the areola
usually resolves w/o intervention