Sexual identities Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What did homosexuality used to be considered as?

A
  • A perversion
  • Mental illness
  • Criminal offence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do feminists argue about the media portrayal of women?

A
  • Women are portrayed as ‘sexual objects’
  • Something for men to fantasise over
  • Mulvey- ‘the male gaze’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Weeks say about the signifiance of sexual identity?

A
  • Sexual identity is less significant fo those of a heterosexual orientation than those of a homosexual orientation, as they are not part of a minority (most would not include heterosexuality as part of their identity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sexuality?

A

Refers to an individual’s sexual orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Weeks say about sexual identification?

A
  • ‘Sexual identification is a strange thing’
  • There are people who identity as gay and are active in the community, BUT do not participate in same-sex sexual encounters
  • There are others who do not identify as gay, BUT have same-sex sexual encounters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Reiss say about sexual identity?

A
  • ‘Rent boys’ (young male prostitues) identify as heterosexual, despite having sex with men for money
  • Actively despise the men they have sex with to counter the act
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Quinn say about sexual identity

Cross-cultural studies

A
  • Studied same-sex relationships in tribal people
  • Native Americans: gay couples= feminine man takes on the role of ‘wife’, lesbian couples= masculine woman takes on the ‘husband’ role
  • Sub-Saharan Africans: man-boy marriages, in which young boys are ‘boy-wives’ (12-20), and treated as a female wife. Later on, they have a boy-wife of their own
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the Kinsey Reports tell us about sexual identity?

Cross-cultural studies

A
  • In 1940s/50s, US homosexual encounters were more common than thought= 37% of men had a same-sex sexual encounter, but only 4% were openly out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do cross-cultural studies tell us about sexual identity?

A
  • Sexual identity is socially constructed, and is influenced by the norms and values of each culture
  • Reflect Plummer’s cultural relativity concept- sexuality is relative from culture to culture, time to time, place to place
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does McIntosh say about sexual identity?

A
  • ‘The homosexual role’
  • In Western culture, the role of homosexual males is linked to expectations: effeminate mannerisms, higher voice, attention to appearance
  • ‘Out’ males fulfill expectations of the homosexual male
  • Married straight men, who admit to having sexual relations with males, do not exhibit signs of homosexuality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can Becker’s labelling theory be applied to sexual identity?

A
  • Homosexual male (comes out)
  • Society sees them as homosexual (society LABELS them as homosexual)
  • Individual sees themselves as homosexual (Cooley- ‘looking-glass self)
  • Master status= homosexual
  • Self fulfilling prophecy
  • Homosexual careers (Plummer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Plummer say about sexual identity?

A
  • ‘Homosexual career’= males who have accepted the homosexual label seek others and join a subculture, in which hmosexual characteristics are the norm
  • Acceptance and internalisation create the homosexual identity, NOT sexual attraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the ‘Gay Left Collective’ say homosexual identity is associated with?

A
  • ‘Becoming the other’
  • ‘Becoming what one has learned to despise’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Rich say about sexual identity?

A
  • Women’s sexuality is oppressed by men in a patriarchial society, through marriage
  • ‘Compulsory heterosexuality’= women are socialised into a suborinate and heterosexual role (through Oakley’s gender role socialisation)
  • Heterosexual identity is forced upon women, and lesbian identity is constructed as ‘abnormal’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are sexual identities changing?

A
  • Changes in the law
  • Changes in the media
  • Changes in social attitudes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What laws have been established that result in changing sexual identities?

A
  • Equality Act 2010 (no discrimination against people due to sexuality)
  • Same sex marriage act 2014
  • Age of consent act 2000
17
Q

What are some examples of events showing changing sexual identities?

A
  • Gay pride
  • LGBTQ+
  • Leisure industry= gay bars, gay pubs, gay events
18
Q

What is ‘The Pink Pound’?

Changing

A
  • Spending of homosexuals
  • Exploitation of gay people, by capitalism, through leisure and consumerism
19
Q

How do changes in the media mean sexual identity is changing?

A
  • Wider acceptance of homosexuality
  • Celebrities coming out, and sharing their stories, such as: Nigel Owen, Tom Allen
  • Media exposure to homosexuality
20
Q

Why are sexual identities NOT changing?

A
  • Prejudice and discrimination
  • Homophobic attacks, cyberhate and bullying
  • Still illegal in many countries (Uganda, Nigeria)
21
Q

What are the current laws surrounding same sex marriages?

Changing views

A
  • March 2014= same sex marriage legalised
  • Surveys suggest 1/5 of people would refuse an invite to a same-sex wedding, and some religious groups remain deeply opposed
22
Q

What happened at the 2014 Commonwealth games?

Changing views

A
  • Opening ceremony presented by John Barrowman and Karen Dunbar- both openly gay
  • Barrowman kissed his male ‘bride’ in a mock-up marriage ceremony
  • Seen by some as a deliberate statement aimed at the 42 countries in which homosexuality is still illegal