Ethnic identities Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Nayak say about ethnic identities?

Changing

A

‘White Wannabes’- describes White British males who behave in a way influenced by black hip-hop cultures (e.g. Ali G)

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2
Q

What did Cashmore and Troyna say about ethnic identities?

Still significant

A

Ethnic minorities have a tendency to ‘turn inwards’ in response to racism- seeking support from their own ethnic communities

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3
Q

What did James say about ethnic identities?

Still significant

A

Shared experience of racism unifies African-Caribbeans in the UK. Hierarchy of colour due to colonialism creates differences but racism unites them

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4
Q

What did Jacobson say about ethnic identities?

Not changing, still significant

A

Young Pakistanis adopt a strong Islamic identity, as a result of social exclusion from white British society. Strong sense of identity provides them with stability and security

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5
Q

What did Modood say about ethnic identities?

Changing, no longer significant

A

Generational divides in Asian and African-Caribbean families show ethnic identities are changing. 2nd generation felt more British than their parents (hybrid identities)

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6
Q

What do Postmodernists say about ethnic identities?

Changing, no longer significant

A

Identity is about choice, people can create their own hybrid identity (pick n mix), (supermarket of style)

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7
Q

What did Back say about ethnic identities?

Changing, no longer significant

A

White and black youths developed hybrid identities. ‘Neighbourhood nationalism’ (common identity) allows for a shared identity between ethnic groups

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8
Q

What did Brah say about ethnic identities?

Changing, no longer significant

A

Young British Asians are skillful cultural code switchers- find ways to negotiate their identity (e.g. identify one way with peers, and another with parents)

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9
Q

What did Butler say about ethnic identities?

Changing

A

3rd generation Muslims can choose from a number of different identities- adopt some Western ideas, and retaining traditional beliefs. Families shape identity

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10
Q

What did Johal say about ethnic identities?

Changing

A

2nd and 3rd generation Asians have a dual identity- inherit Asian identity, and adopt a British identity. Results in code switching and adopting a white mask

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11
Q

What did Burdsey say about ethnic identities?

Changing

A

Under-representation of Asians in football, causing them to create a dual identity and code switch from group to group

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12
Q

What did Ghumman say about ethnic identities?

Still significant, not changing

A

2nd generation British-Asians focus on tradition, religion and family values within their upbringing

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13
Q

What did Ballard say about ethnic identities?

Changing

A

2nd generation South Asians in Britain experience 2 cultures- follow a hybrid identity. 1st generation= British culture has little value

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14
Q

What did Gilroy say about ethnic identities?

Changing

A

Young black people in Uk argue for use of term ‘Black Atlantic’ to describe an identity not rooted in the UK- shared experience of racism creates a shared identity

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15
Q

What did Derrington and Kendall/Song/Francis and Archer say about ethnic identities?

Still significant, not changing

A

D+K= traveller community
S+F+A= British Chinese families
Challenges of growing up in minority groups- shared identity due to discrimination and social exclusion

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16
Q

What did Hewitt say about ethnic identities?

Still significant, changing

A

White British identity is strengthened due to multiculturalism, as a response to positive discrimination

17
Q

What is race?

A

Refers to the colour of your skin (biologically determined)

18
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

Refers to a person’s cultural characteristics, norms and values

19
Q

Is ethnic identity biologically determined, socially constructed or a choice?

A

Socially constructed (structuration)

20
Q

What is a dual identity?

A

People have one identity at a time (one with peers, another different identity with family)

21
Q

What is a white mask?

A

Putting on a ‘white identity’ to fit in with peers

22
Q

What is a hybrid identity?

A

Merging of 2 or more different identities to form 1 new identity

23
Q

What is code switching?

A

Switching between 2 different identities to suit the group

24
Q

What is a negotiated identity?

A

Having a fixed identity, with some choice/control

25
Q

What evidence is there for ethnic identities changing?

A
  • Ballard
  • Back
  • Brah
  • Butler
  • Ethnic hybridity
  • Postmodernism
26
Q

What evidence is there that ethnic identities are no longer changing?

A
  • Ghumman
  • James
  • Jacobson
  • Cashmere and Troyna
  • Derrington and Kendall
  • Song
27
Q

What evidence is there that ethnic identities are still significant?

A
  • Ghumman
  • Jacobson
  • Derrington and Kendall
  • James
28
Q

What evidence is there that ethnic identities are no longer significant?

A
  • Butler
  • Ballard
  • Johal
  • Taylor/Polhemus
  • Brah
29
Q

What 3 factors did Modood say ethnicity includes?

A
  • Culture
  • Descent
  • Sense of identity