Sexual development Flashcards
1
Q
Gender identity
A
-typically forms around the age of 3-4 and remains established
2
Q
Gender typing
A
- described the process where an individual acquires a sense of gender-related traits within the society they are born
- usually starts with clothing
3
Q
Gender role
A
-behaviour an individual engages in that identifies with their gender e.g use of cosmetics
4
Q
Social learning theory
A
- girls and boys learn to behave differently because the society treats them differently
- fathers treat children in a more gendered way than mothers
- this sex typing is reinforced by further observational learning by the child and reinforcement that results on accomplishing gender specific developmental tasks
5
Q
Cogntive developmental theory
A
- stresses the importance of a child’s participation in gender identity
- a child’s discovery about his/her biological sex leads to identification with a group and conformity as a result
- 3 stages: gender labelling, gender stability, gender constancy
6
Q
Gender labelling
A
- around the age of 3, a child understands she/he is female or male
- AKA basic gender identity
7
Q
Gender stability
A
-by age of 4-5 recognise that gender is retained life-long and will not change
8
Q
Gender constancy
A
- age 6-7 understand that gender is immutable even if the physical changes are carried out
- type of conservation akin to Piaget’s cognitive development
9
Q
Gender schema processing theory
A
- gender identity alone provides children the motivation to assume sex-typed behaviour
- following this they observe and learn to be of a specific gender in society
- thus a gender schema of the particular culture gets deeply incorporated and serves as a standard for comparison
10
Q
Sex drive
A
- exists from birth
- increases in adolescence due to raised androgen secretion
11
Q
Sexual orientation
A
-explored during adolescence
12
Q
Pre-school (<4 years)
A
- exploring private parts through touch and rubbing or through showing to others
- trying to touch women’s breasts (including mother)
- exposing oneself and attempting to see other exposed people (adults and children)
13
Q
Young children 4-6 years
A
- stimulating genitals, sometimes when others are present
- kissing or holding hands
- talking about genitals without grasping the meaning in full
- exploring private parts with peers (playing doctors etc)
14
Q
School aged children 7-12 years
A
- masturbating privately
- playing courtship games (mummy and daddy)
- gazing at pictures of naked people
- wanting more privacy
- showing reluctance to discuss sexual issues with adults
- being sexually attracted to peers
