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Human Development > Cognitive Development > Flashcards

Cognitive Development Flashcards

1
Q

Erikson’s stages

A
  • not necessary for each stage to be resolved before progression
  • based on crises and have ‘vs’ in them
  • go from birth into lade adulthood
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2
Q

Basic trust vs basic mistrust

A
  • birth-12-18 months

- Erikson’s stages

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3
Q

Autonomy vs shame

A

-18 months to 3 years
-autonomy refers to children gaining more control over activities and acquiring new skills
Erikson’s stages

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4
Q

Initiative vs guilt

A
  • Erikson’s stages

- 3- 6 years

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5
Q

Industry vs inferiority

A

-6-12 years
Erikson’s stages
-we are capable of learning, creating etc and develop a sense of industry
-this is a very social stage of development and can lead to unresolved feelings of inadequacy and inferiority among peers

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6
Q

Identity vs role confusion

A
  • adolescence
  • Erikson’s stages
  • occurs between ages of 12-18
  • development is now dependent on what we do, not what is done to us
  • teens have develop a sense of identity and independence but this can be confusing
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7
Q

Intimacy vs isolation

A
  • young adulthood
  • Erikson’s stages
  • major task is to find a future partner
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8
Q

Generativity vs stagnation

A
  • middle adulthood
  • Erikson’s stages
  • seeking satisfaction through productivity and family- generativity
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9
Q

Ego integrity vs despair

A
  • late adulthood
  • Erikson’s stages
  • cherishes life’s accomplishments and pursues life long interests
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10
Q

Piaget’s model of cognitive development

A
  • sensorimotor
  • pre-operational
  • concrete operational
  • formal operational
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11
Q

Schema

A
  • Piaget
  • basic building block or unit of intelligent behaviour
  • consist of past experiences to understand future experiences
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12
Q

Adaption

A

Piaget

  • process of fitting schemas to environmental information
  • adaption can occur as either assimilation or accomodation
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13
Q

Assimilation

A

Piaget

-new information is incorporated into existing schemas without restructuring the schemas

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14
Q

Accomodation

A

Piaget

-the schemas are restructures to accommodate the newly learnt information

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15
Q

Equilibration

A

Piaget
-achieved when all information properly fits into schemas via either processes of adaption (assimilation or accommodation)

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16
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Piaget

  • 0-2 years
  • SPIRO
  • Symbolic thought: language starts developing and thought starts to dominate actions
  • Play is representational: mimics one object for another
  • Imitation: remembers an act and replays it later
  • Recognition of self: primitive recognition begins
  • Object permanence: understands that if something disappears from vision then it has not ceased to exist- completed at 18 months
17
Q

Preoperational stage

A

Piaget

  • 2-7 years
  • FAT PILES
  • Functional attribution
  • Artificialism
  • Transductive reasoning
  • Phenomalistic causality
  • Imminent justice
  • Lack of seriation, conservation and reversibility
  • Egocentrism
  • Semiotic function
  • Syncretic thought
18
Q

Concrete operational

A

Piaget
7-11 years
-conservation of liquid starts at 6 and is followed by conservation or length, count, weight and volume
-perspective taking starts to develop

19
Q

Symbolic thought

A

Language starts developing and thought starts to dominate actions
Piaget
-Sensorimotor stage

20
Q

Representational Play

A

Piaget
Sensorimotor stage
-mimics one object for another
e.g cup for a hat

21
Q

Deferred Imitation

A

Piaget
Sensorimotor stage
remembers an act and replays it later

22
Q

Recognition of self

A

Piaget
Sensorimotor stage
Primitive self recognition begins
Complete by the age of 2

23
Q

Object permanence

A

Piaget
Sensorimotor stage
-understanding that an object that disappears from field of perception has not ceased to exist
-limited at 9-12 months- objects are searched for where they were last seen, not where they are hidden
-complete by 18 months

24
Q

Functional attribution

A

Piaget
Preoperational stage
Objects are referred to by their function not their appearance

25
Q

Artificialism

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
‘The sky is blue because someone painted it’
Inanimate objects are treated as living objects

26
Q

Transductive reasoning

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
Cats have 4 legs and Dogs have 4 legs so they are the same ( Von Domarus law)

27
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
no functional propositions noted but verbs and nouns are used

28
Q

Phenomenalistic causality

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
causality is inferred if two events occur with some temporal association
e.g lightening comes with rain so lightening brings rain

29
Q

Imminent justice

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
Moral development

30
Q

Lack of seriation

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
-ability to sort or categorise based on dimensional variation of items

31
Q

Centration

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
-only a single dimension can be focussed on one time

32
Q

Conservation

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
-ability to perceive that the quantity of something is unchanged if the material is put into a different shape or structure

33
Q

Compensation

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
-refers to the fact that magnification in one dimension and reduction in another can nullify each others effect

34
Q

Reversibility

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
-refers to ability of mentally calculating and understanding that what is done can be undone without loss of material

35
Q

Egocentrism

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
-restricted ability of viewing the world from a single point of view at this stage
-NOT SELF CENTERED!

36
Q

Semiotic function

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
-uses ‘signifers’ which are symbols and signs that represent on stand in for something else and so have another meaning
-e.g in play

37
Q

Syncretic thought

A

Piaget
Pre-operational stage
Links neighbouring objects and events on the basis of common instances e.g like with like

38
Q

Formal operational stage

A

Piaget
11 years+
-1st order operations: manipulation of ideas and propositions
-2nd order operations: reasoning based on verbal argument construction
Hypothetical deductive reasoning develops in a proportion of children after the age of 12

Human Development (14 decks)

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