Conceptualising development Flashcards
1
Q
Maturity
A
-Being able to respond to the environment in an appropriate manner, usually with a learnt response
2
Q
Heritability of IQ
A
- 30% in children but increases to 80% among adults
- affected by demographics-genes are weaker than poverty (Gottesman)
- genetic influences are variable
- shared environment has a big effect on intelligence
3
Q
4-6 weeks old
A
- smiles at parent
- can recognise Mum’s face
- shows preference for human faces
4
Q
6-8 weeks old
A
-cooing
5
Q
3 months old
A
- can hold head up, grasp reflex disappears
- babbling
- localises sound source
- squeals with pleasure appropriately
- discriminates smile
6
Q
5 months
A
- reaches out, oral exploration
- spontaneous babbling and sound experiments
7
Q
6 months
A
- hand to hand transfer
- rolling over
- palmar grasp
- double syllable sounds such as ‘dada’
- localises sound 45cm lateral to either ear
8
Q
9-10 months
A
- cruises around and crawls
- sits unsupported
- picks up objects with a pincer grasp
- babbles tunefully
- looks for dropped toys; peek a boo,
- stranger anxiety followed by object permanence
9
Q
1 year
A
- stands alone momentarily
- says one or two words
- separation anxiety
10
Q
18 months
A
- walks alone
- hols rails and climbs, can jump with both feet
- can build a tower of 3 or 4 cubes and throw a ball
- can use a spoon
- says many intelligible words- up to 40
- shows rapprochement (hugs when coming back)
11
Q
2 years
A
- able to run
- builds a tower of 6 cubes
- makes sentences
- parallel play
- dry by day
12
Q
3 years
A
- goes upstairs 1 foot per step and downstairs 2 feet per step.
- copies a circle, imitates cross and draws a man on request
- builds tower of 9 cubes
- speaks in sentences
- cooperative play, imaginary companions
13
Q
4 years
A
- Can skip
- copies a cross
- toilet trained mostly
14
Q
5 years
A
- can hop
- copies a triangle
- fluent speech with grammar use; uses function words
- dresses and undresses alone
15
Q
6 years
A
- copies a diamond
- can count number of fingers
- nearly adult-like speech
16
Q
Freud’s psychosexual stages
A
Oral Anal Phallic/Oedipal Latency Genital
17
Q
Oral stage
A
- 0-1.5 years
- drive discharge is via sucking
- oral erotism- sucking, licking etc in early stages
- oral sadism- biting, chewing in later stages
- the ego develops at this stage
18
Q
Anal stage
A
- 1.5-3 years
- anal erotogenic zone
- drive discharge via sphincter behaviour
19
Q
Phallic/oedipal stage
A
3-5 years
- genitals become organs of interest
- oedipus and electra complex
20
Q
Latency
A
5-puberty (11 years)
- socialisation
- interest in peers seen
- sexual energy is sublimated towards school work, hobbies and friends
21
Q
Genital
A
puberty onwards
-biological maturation occurs
genital sexuality is born
22
Q
Positive stress response
A
- brief, mild response moderated by the availability of a caring and responsive adult
- grown promoting opportunities
23
Q
Tolerable stress response
A
- associated with exposure to non-normative experiences with a greater magnitude of adversity e.g illness, injury, death of a family member
- when buffered well the risk for physicologic harm and long-term consequences is greatly reduced
24
Q
Stress vulnerability model
A
- Zubin and Spring
- mental illness is a result of two hits
1. is the vulnerability or predisposition to illness
2. the stress factor that may act as a trigger or precipitant
25
Q
Toxic stress response
A
- strong frequent or prolonged activation of the body’s stress response in the absence of the buffering protection from supportive adults
e. g child abuse, maternal depression, parental substance abuse - toxic stress disrupts the developing brain circuitry during sensitive developmental periods forming the precursors of later physical and mental illness
