Language development

Question 1

Phonemes

Answer 1

Basic speech sounds

46 in the English language

Question 2

Pre-linguistic

Answer 2

• 0-12 months
• 6 weeks starts cooing
• 1 month-can distinguish speech sounds
• 6 months- babbling
• deaf babies of deaf-mute parents start babbling at 6 months but stop at 9-10 months

Question 3

One word stage

Answer 3

12 months to 18 months
Jargon words and babbling continue up to 18 months
Earliest words are context bound and are an effort to communicate
-Holophrases- on word substitutes for whole phrases
-child can understand more words than they can produce

Question 4

Two word sentences/Stage 1 grammar

Answer 4

18 months to 30 months

• telegraphic speech is seen where meaningful words are used without connecting words
• at this stage adults interact with children in a ‘motherese’- short simple pitch paraphrased language directed at infants

Question 5

Stage 2 grammar

Answer 5

• over 30 months

- mean length of utterances increase largely due to use of function words-propositions

Question 6

3 months

Answer 6

-babbling

Question 7

9 months

Answer 7

repetitive babbling

Question 8

12 months

Answer 8

speaks 3 words

Question 9

18 months

Answer 9

speaks up to 40 words

Question 10

24 months

Answer 10

telegraphic speech

grammatically pairs up words and vocabulary more than 240 words

Question 11

36 months

Answer 11

earl comprehension of grammar and syntax

Question 12

48 months

Answer 12

correct use of grammar

Question 13

60 months

Answer 13

language akin to adult speech

Question 14

Noam Chomsky

Answer 14

Children are born with an innate language acquisition device

Children are born being able to decipher the transformational grammar of deep to surface structure conversation

Question 15

Social interaction view of language development

Answer 15

Adults such as mother act as LASS (language acquisition support system). This is essential for the function of language is interaction

Question 16

Elaborate language code

Answer 16

• characeterised by longer, complex sentences that are context independent
• focuses on past and future, employs ‘I’ pronoun and allows for the expression of abstract thought

Question 17

Restricted language code

Answer 17

• characterised by short, incomplete sentences, which tend to be context-dependent
• frequently uses like ‘you know’
• focuses on present
• employs ‘I’ pronoun rarely
• little room for expressing abstract thinking
• lower socioeconomic classes