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Biological Psychology > Sex and stress > Flashcards

Sex and stress Flashcards

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1
Q

define stress

A

physiological reaction to the perception of threatening events

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2
Q

what secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine in the fight/flight response

A

adrenal medulla

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3
Q

what secretes cortisol

A

adrenal cortex

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4
Q

what does ep/norepinephrine do

A

affects glucose metabolism, increases heart rate and blood pressure

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5
Q

what does cortisol do

A

coverts protein to glucose, fats available for energy, increase blood flow

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6
Q

what is cortisol

A

a glucocorticoid

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7
Q

stages in control of glucocorticoids

A

PVN of the hypothalamus secretes a peptide - CRH
CRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release ACTH
ACTH enters the general circulation and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

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8
Q

long-term health effects of stress

A

increased blood pressure - damage to muscle tissue
increased fertility - suppress immune system
increase steroid diabetes - inhibit growth

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9
Q

what are the three classes of sex organs

A

gonads, internal genitalia, external genitalia

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10
Q

what are the gonads and their two roles

A

testes/overies - 1st organ to develop
produce sperm/ova
secrete hormones - organisation and activation effects

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11
Q

what is Sry and what does it do

A

Sex-determining Region Y

gene on the Y chromosome - causes gonads to become testes

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12
Q

whats signifiant about the 3rd month of gestation

A

until then, embryo possesses the precursors to both male and female sex organs

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13
Q

what are the male and female systems called

A

Mullerian - M

Wollffian - F

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14
Q

what happens to make a male

A

one precursor withers, testes secrete anti-Mullerian hormone and Andrognes eg. testosterone - masculinising effect

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15
Q

what is androgen sensitivity syndrome

A

genetically male - XY
mutation prevents the formation of androgen receptors
primitive gonads - testes - secrete anti-mullarian hormone which prevents internal genitalia development
androgens have no effect - no masculinisation

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16
Q

what is persistent Mullerian duct syndrome

A

individual develops both sets of internal sex organs

caused by either absence of anti-mullerian hormone or absence of receptors for this hormone

17
Q

what is turners syndrome

A

caused by the development of X0 fetus - no Y chromosome - testes don’t develop
But need XX to produce ovaries - so they aren’t present either
but still develop normal female internal and external genitalia

18
Q

what is androgenital syndrome

A

decrease in the levels of cortisol released from the adrenal cortex = high levels of adrenal androgens - little effect on males
females - enlarged clitoris, infused labia - ambiguouos external sex organs

19
Q

no female hormones are needed for the development of what

A

external sex organs

20
Q

what does the development of male sex organs depend on

A

androgen

21
Q

onset of puberty occurs when

A

hypothalamus secretes gonadotrophin-releasing hormones (GnRH)

22
Q

what do GnRH do

A

stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release gonadotrophic hormones

23
Q

name a gonadotrophic hormone

A

follicle stimulating hormone - FSH

24
Q

what do the gonadotrophic hormones do in women

A

enables menstruation, ovaries secrete estrogens

25
Q

what is luteinisation

A

menstruation

26
Q

what do gonadotrophic hormones do in men

A

stimulate testes to produce sperm and secrete testosterone

27
Q

what does a male rat do when he encounters a receptive female

A

nuzzling, genital sniffing, licking, mounting

28
Q

what is intromission

A

penis inserted into vagina

29
Q

refractory period

A

interval between successive ejaculations increases

30
Q

what do female rodents do to activate sex

A

quick short hopping movements, ear wiggling

31
Q

what does the female do if a male comes onto her and she’s non-oestrus

A

flees or fights

32
Q

when do women initiate sex more

A

during ovulation when estradiol levels are high

33
Q

what does watching an erotic film do to males

A

increases their testosterone levels

Biological Psychology (20 decks)

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