Genetics Flashcards
what is an allele
alternative form of a gene at a specific locus
the exposed gene serves as a template for what
template for transcribing a strand of mRNA
when the mRNA leaves the nucleus what happenes
meets ribosomes in the endoplasmic reticulum
What does the ribosome do
moves along the mRNA, translating the bases into a specific amino acid which becomes a peptide - part of a protein
what is Mendels first law of inheritance
segregation - there are two elements of heredity for each trait and these two segregate during reproduction
one is dominant and one is recessive
what is Mendels second law of inheritance
independent assortment - varieties of each trait sort independently of each other
what is the F1 and F2 generation ratio when two true breeding parents are crossed
F1 = all the dominant trait F2 = 3:1
name three things that don’t follow mendelian laws
genes on the X chromosome
new mutations within the population
complex traits eg. schz, depression
what is PKU
phenylketonuria
due to dysfunction in pathway producing amino acid tyrosine
what type of disorder is PKU
autosomal recessive (ch12)
What is HD
Huntingtons disease
involuntary movements, personality changes, forgetfulness due to progressive damage of basal ganglia and cortex
what type of disorder is HD
autosomal dominant (ch4)
what is williams Syndrome
due to sporadic change in DNA - deletions due to errors in replication
example of disease die to abnormalities in chromosomal numbers
downs syndrome - segregation errors
what is colour blindness an example of
X-linked genes - X linkage
